自考英语(二)模拟试卷31

(总分：102.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、 阅读判断(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

They Say Ireland's the Best Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005 , according to a life quality ranking(排名) that appeared in Britain' s Economist magazine last week. The ambitious attempt to compare happiness levels around the world is based on the principle that wealth is not the only measure of human satisfaction and well-being. The index of 111 countries uses data on incomes, health, unemployment, climate, political stability Job security, gender (性别) equality as well as what the magazine calls \" freedom, family and community life\". Despite the bad weather, troubled health service, traffic congestion(拥挤) , gender inequality, and the high cost of living, Ireland scored an impressive 8. 33 points out of 10. That put it well ahead of second-place Switzerland, which managed 8. 07. Zimbabwe troubled by political insecurity and hunger, is rated the gloomiest(最差的) ,picking up only 3. points. \"Although rising incomes and increased individual choices are highly valued,\" the report said, \"some of the factors associated with modernization such as the breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact.'' \"Ireland wins because it successfully combines the most desirable elements of the new with the preservation of certain warm elements of the old, such as stable family and community life.\" The magazine admitted measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do, and that its findings would have their critics. No. 2 on the list is Switzerland. The other nations in the top 10 are Norway, Luxembourg, Sweden, Australia, Iceland, Italy, Denmark and Spain. The UK is positioned at No. 29, a much lower position chiefly because of the social and family breakdown recorded in official statistics. The US, which has the second highest per capita GDP after Luxembourg, took the 13th place in the survey. China was in the lower half of the league at 60th.（分数：20.00）

(1).For 2,005 years, Ireland has been the best place for humans to live in.（分数：2.00） A.True B.False √ C.Not Given

解析：解析：原文第一句话“Ireland is the best place in the world to live for 2005”说的是2005年这一年度界上最适合居住的地方是爱尔兰，而题干的意思是近2005年以来爱尔兰都是世界上最适合居住的地方，与原文不符。

(2).Level of education is a measure of life quality.（分数：2.00） A.True B.False C.Not Given √

解析：解析：原文没有提到教育程度(level of education)。 (3).Cost of living in Ireland is pretty high.（分数：2.00） A.True √ B.False C.Not Given

解析：解析：根据原文第四段可知，尽管爱尔兰生活成本高，但依然排在第一位。因此爱尔兰生活成本高是事实，该句说法正确。

(4).Family life in Zimbabwe is not stable.（分数：2.00） A.True B.False C.Not Given √

解析：解析：原文第五段提到津巴布韦受困于政治不安定和饥饿(troubled by political insecurity and hunger)，但未提到家庭生活。

(5).Breakdown in family values does not affect the happiness level.（分数：2.00） A.True B.False √ C.Not Given

解析：解析：原文第六段“breakdown in traditional institutions and family values in part take away from a positive impact”，意思是说传统习俗和家庭价值观的崩溃会部分地削弱积极影响，故家庭价值观的崩溃是可以影响幸福水平的。该句说法不正确。

(6).Ireland is positioned at No. 1 because it combines the most desirable elements of the new with some good elements of the old.（分数：2.00） A.True √ B.False C.Not Given

解析：解析：根据原文第七段可以得出爱尔兰排名第一的原因是结合了现代生活的好处与传统社会的某些好的因素，该句说法正确。

(7).Modernization does not necessarily contribute to high quality of life.（分数：2.00） A.True √ B.False C.Not Given

解析：解析：根据原文第六段可知，现代化对生活质量也有一些消极影响，比如传统习俗和家庭价值观的崩溃。而题干说现代化不一定有助于提高生活质量，与原文相符。

(8).Many people criticize the magazine's survey on life quality.（分数：2.00） A.True B.False C.Not Given √

解析：解析：原文倒数第三段提到该杂志承认他们的评分结果可能会遭到批评，但文章并未提到事实上是否有很多人批评他们的调查。

(9).To measure life quality is easy.（分数：2.00） A.True B.False √ C.Not Given

解析：解析：原文倒数第三段中提到“measuring quality of life is not a straightforward thing to do”，其中straightforward意思是“直接的、简单的”，这说明测量生活质量并不简单。该句说法不正确。

(10).The United States of America is among the top 10 countries.（分数：2.00） A.True B.False √ C.Not Given

解析：解析：根据原文最后一段可知，美国排名第13位，不属于排名前十的国家。

二、 阅读选择(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

Electricity The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators. Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for millions of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity. All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart

beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends out brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroen-cephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small—often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can be astonishing. The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives. (An electric house current is only one hundred twenty volts.) As many as four fifths of all the cells in the electric eel' s body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to the length of its body.（分数：10.00） (1).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.00） A.Electric eels are potentially dangerous.

B.Biology and electricity appear to be closely related. √ C.People would be at a loss without electricity.

D.Scientists still have much to discover about electricity.

解析：解析：主旨大意题。统观全文可知，文章用了大量的篇幅介绍生物和电流的密切关系。因此选B。 (2).The author mentions all of the following as results of a blackout EXCEPT___________.（分数：2.00）

A.refrigerated food item may go bad B.traffic lights do not work C.people must rely on candlelight

D.elevators and escalators do not function √

解析：解析：事实细节题。第一段第三句话“当停电时，人们在摇曳不定的烛光下摸索；因没有红绿灯的指示，汽车在道路上迟疑不前；冰箱也停止工作，导致食物变质。”由此可以看出，只有D选项不正确。 (3).Why does the author mention electric eels?（分数：2.00） A.To warn the reader to stay away from them. B.To compare their voltage to that used in houses. C.To give an example of a living electrical generator, √ D.To describe a new source of electrical power.

解析：解析：推理判断题。文中作者提到电鳗，是将其作为一个“活的发电机”的例子来加以介绍的。因此选C。

(4).How many volts of electricity can an electric eel emit?（分数：2.00） A.800. √ B.600. C.200 D.120

解析：解析：事实细节题。从最后一段的前两句话“电鳗就是一种令人惊异的蓄电池。它可以在水中发出高达800伏特的电流”可以看出，电鳗所产生的电流可以高达800伏。

(5).It can be inferred from the passage that the longer an eel is the（分数：2.00） A.more beneficial it will be to science

B.more powerful its electrical charge will be √ C.easier it will be to find D.tougher it will be to eat

解析：解析：推理判断题。最后一段最后一句话说“电鳗发出的电流的强度大约和它身体的长度成正比”，因此选择B。

三、 概括段落大意和补全句子(总题数：2，分数：20.00)

Science Fiction 1 Amongst the most popular books being written today are those which are usually classified as science fiction. Hundreds of titles are published every year and are read by all

kinds of people. Furthermore, some of the most successful films of recent years have been based on science fiction stories. 2 It is often thought that science fiction is a fairly new development in literature, but its ancestors can be found in books written hundreds of years ago. These books were often concerned with the presentation of some form of ideal society, a theme which is still often found in modern stories. Science fiction is a genre of fiction with imaginative but more or less plausible content such as settings in the future, futuristic science and technology, space travel, parallel universes, aliens, and paranormal abilities. Exploring the consequences of scientific innovations is one purpose of science fiction, making it a \"literature of ideas''. Science fiction has been used By authors as a device to discuss philosophical ideas such as identity, desire, morality and social structure. 3 Most of the classics of science fiction, however, have been written within the last hundred years. Books by writers such as Jules Verne and H. G. Wells, to mention just two well-known authors, have been translated into many languages. 4 Modern science fiction writers don't write about men from Mars or space adventure stories. They are more interested in predicting the results of technical developments on society and the human mind; or in imagining future worlds which are a reflection of the world which we live in now. Because of this their writing has obvious political undertones. Science fiction is largely based on writing rationally about alternative possible worlds or futures. It is similar to, but differs from fantasy in that, within the context of the story, its imaginary elements are largely possible within scientifically established or scientifically postulated laws of nature (though some elements in a story might still be pure imaginative speculation). The settings for science fiction are often contrary to consensus reality, but most science fiction relies on a considerable degree of suspension of disbelief, which is facilitated in the reader's mind by potential scientific explanations or solutions to various fictional elements. 5 In an age where science fact frequently overtakes science fiction, the writers may find it difficult to keep ahead of scientific advances. Those who are sufficiently clear-sighted to see the way we are going, however, may provide a valuable lesson on how to deal with the problems which society will inevitably face as it tries to master its new technology.A. Popularity of Science FictionB. Future DevelopmentC. Classics of Science FictionD. Difficulty in Keeping Ahead of Scientific AdvancesE. Its Origin/PastF. Themes of Modern Science Fiction（分数：10.00） (1).Paragraph 1（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）

解析：解析：段落大意概括类的题，一般需要寻找段落的关键句子或中心句以及关键词。以下同此。本段主要讲述了科幻小说是畅销书中的一种，而且很受观众青睐以及电影制片商的欢迎。 (2).Paragraph 2（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：E）

解析：解析：本段讲述了人们对科幻小说存在的一个认识误区，以为它是一种新的文学呈现形式，而实际上这种题材很早就已经出现。 (3).Paragraph 3（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C）

解析：解析：本段讲述了经典的科幻小说以及其作家，很多经典科幻小说还被翻译为多种国家的语言。 (4).Paragraph 4（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：F）

解析：解析：本段主要讲述了以往科幻作家和现代科幻作家的选材不同，并指出后者的偏爱以及比较可能的原因。

(5).Paragraph 5（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：D）

解析：解析：本段主要讲述了现在的科幻作品创作所面临的问题以及困难所在，这从末段的首句可以读出来。

A. a recurrent themeB. to keep ahead of scientific advancesC. reading books of science fictionD. political implicationsE. a current themeF. read worldwide（分数：10.00） (1).Some form of ideal society is 1.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：A）

解析：解析：段落句子补充信息类的题目需要回归到该问题所出现的位置，根据上下文进行寻找、进行提炼或转换近义的词句。以下同此。本句可以定位到第二段的第二句，科幻小说的某些主题并不是新的，而是在以往就有。因此很容易找出答案。

(2).Books written by J. Verne are 1.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：F）

解析：解析：本句可以定位到第三段，可以发现这位作家的作品十分经典，已经被翻译成许多国家的语言，说明其作品在全球范围内都拥有读者。 (3).People enjoy 1.（分数：2.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：C） 解析：解析：本句可以从第一段找到答案，人们喜欢看科幻小说。 (4).Works of modern science fiction have 1.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：D）

解析：解析：由第四段的第三行可知，现代科幻小说中所描绘的未来世界是我们现实世界的影射，因此现代科幻小说会具有一些政治含意。

(5).Writers find it difficult 1.（分数：2.00） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：正确答案：B） 解析：解析：本句比较简单，定位到第五段的首句，即可找出答案。

四、 填句补文(总题数：1，分数：10.00)

The Origin of Mother's Day In the U. S. Mothers' Day is a holiday celebrated on the second Sunday in May. It is a day when children honor their mothers with cards, gifts, and flowers. First observance was in Philadelphia in 1907. 1 Although it wasn't celebrated in the U. S. until 1907, there were days honoring mothers even in the days of ancient Greece. 2 Later, in the 1600's, in England there was an annual observance called \"Mothering Sunday\". 3On Mothering Sunday, the servants, who generally lived with their employers, were encouraged to return home and honor their mothers. It was traditional for them to bring a special cake along to celebrate the occasion. Mother's Day was first suggested in the United States in 1872 by Julia Ward Howe as a day dedicated to peace. In 1907 Ana Jarvis, from Philadelphia, began a campaign to establish a national Mother's Day. Jarvis persuaded her mother's church in Grafton, West Virginia to celebrate Mother' s Day on the second anniversary of her mother' s death, the 2nd Sunday of May. The next year Mother's Day was also celebrated in Philadelphia. Jarvis and others began a letter-writing campaign to ministers, businessmen, and politicians in their quest to establish a national Mother's Day. 4President Woodrow Wilson, in 1914, made the official announcement proclaiming Mother' s Day a national observance that was to be held each year on the 2nd Sunday of May. 5Denmark, Finland, Italy, Turkey, Australia, and Belgium celebrate Mother' s Day on the second Sunday in May, as in the U. S.A. Mother's day should not be just another day with a few flowers thrown in.B. In those days, however, it was Rhea, the Mother of the gods that was given honor.C. Many other countries of the world celebrate their own Mother's Day at different times throughout the year.D. They were successful.E. It was celebrated during June, on the fourth Sunday.F. It is based on suggestions by Julia Ward Howe in 1872 and by Anna Jarvis in 1907. （分数：10.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：F） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C）

解析：解析：根据空格后Denmark，Finland，Italy，Turkey，Australia，and Belgium celebrate Mother’s Day on the second Sunday in May，as in the U．S．(丹麦、芬兰、意大利、土耳其、澳大利亚以及比利时，同美国一样，在五月的第二个星期天庆祝母亲节)，可知选项中C最符合逻辑。

五、 填词补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

Supermarket Most supermarkets need a very large floor area, sometimes at least ten times as big as that of an ordinary shop. There are usually two doors, one as an entrance and the other as an 1 . The rest of the side facing the street is largely of plate glass, with goods or advertising material displayed. The other three walls are 2 decorated in light colors, giving an 3 of cleanliness and brightness. At right angles to the window stretch long structures about six feet 4 with a number of shelves on each side. Similar shelf units or frozen food containers extend round the walls. Broad aisles (通道) between the shelf units and ample (足够的) space between them and the window and also the far wall 5 room for the circulation of many people. 6 commodities (商品) , in tins, bags, boxes or other containers, are stacked (堆放) in groups on the shelves, and each group is 7 with a price ticket. Metal baskets near the entrance are taken by the shoppers who collect the goods that they 8 from the shelves. Between the shelf units and the windows are a number of small corners about three feet high. Beside each 9 a cashier, who operates a machine for the totaling cost of each customer' s purchases. The customer places the basket at one end of the counter so that it can be emptied by the cashier who records the price of the commodities one by one, before putting each on a moving section of the counter top. The cashier finally hands a printed slip recording all prices to the 10 , who pays the total, collects the bag and leaves.A. sits B. high C. exitD. customer E. various F. smallG. tall H. normally I. allowJ. impression K. labeled L. select （分数：20.00）

填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：C） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：H） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：J） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：B） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：I） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：E） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：K） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：L） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：A） 填空项1:__________________ （正确答案：D）

解析：解析：此处冠词the后应填名词。customer(顾客)非常适合此处语境：收银员最后将记录产品价格的小票递给顾客。因此此题选D。

六、 完形补文(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

How do Americans Spend Their Free Time? Americans spend their free time in【C1】______(variety) ways. People enjoy building things and【C2】______(sew) their own clothes. They do these things for fun and for【C3】______(economic). 25 million adults continue their education,【C4】______(chief) by going to school in the evening at their own【C5】______(expensive). Americans also devote a lot of their time to the needs of their communities often without any pay. Why do they do it? There are several answers. The idea of【C6】______(cooperate) and sharing responsibility with one another for the benefit of all is as old as the country itself. When the country was first【C7】______(found) in 1776,it was necessary for the settlers to work together to live. They had crossed dangerous seas and risked all they had for political and【C8】______(religion) freedom. It is true that some people use their leisure because they are【C9】______(true) interested in the work; or that they are learning from the experience. No matter what the reason is, hundreds of thousands of so called leisure hours are put into hard,【C10】______(pay) work on one or another community need.（分数：20.00）

(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：解析：本句空白处放在名词ways前提示需填入形容词来修饰该名词，因此，将提示词名词variety改成形容词various填入空白处符合语境“美国人业余时间有很多消遣的方法”。 (2).【C2】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：解析：观察本句句法发现，本句空白处实际上是作谓语enjoy的宾语，在本句中building things也作谓语enjoy的宾语，因此，把提示词动词sew改成动名词sewing填入即可。 (3).【C3】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：解析：本句中有表并列关系的and，同时空白处放在介词for之后，and短语之前的成分也是for加上名词。因此，将提示词形容词economic改成名词economy填入后结构完整，句意正确。 (4).【C4】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：解析：本句句意完整，主要成分不缺失，空白处放在由介词by连接的短语前。因此，将提示词形容词chief改成副词chiefly填入符合语法，chiefly修饰by引导的短语，此处意为：主要是通过上夜校继续学业。

(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：解析：本句空白处放在形容词own后面提示需填入名词用own来修饰，观察该空白处所在的位置可以发现该空白处意在考查短语at one’s expense(由某人承担费用)。因此。将提示词形容词expensive改成名词expense填入即可。 (6).【C6】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：解析：本句空白处放在介词of后及并列连词and前，考虑填入词的形式应和and之后词的形式一致。and之后是sharing responsibility这样的现在分词形式，因此，将提示词动词cooperate改成现在分词cooperating填入空白处即可。 (7).【C7】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：解析：观察本句句法不难看出，本空白处是要考查被动语态。空白处所在句中，主语country和谓语found属被动关系。因此，将提示词动词found改成founded填入空白处即可。 (8).【C8】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：解析：本句空白处放在名词freedom前及并列连词and后，and之前是形容词political，因此，将提示词名词religion改成形容词religious填入，符合语法和语境。 (9).【C9】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：解析：本句句法结构完整，主要成分不缺失，空白处放在形容词interested前。因此，将提示词形容词true改成副词truly修饰该形容词，符合语法和语境。 (10).【C10】（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：解析：本句空白处放在名词work前面提示需填入形容词来修饰该名词。根据前文可知，空白处应填“无偿的”，因此，将提示词动词pay改成过去分词paid作形容词，再加上否定前缀un-改成unpaid填入空白处即可。

七、 短文写作(总题数：1，分数：2.00)

3.下列图画阐述了生产巧克力的过程。请分析总结图画信息，写一篇150词左右的，关于巧克力制造生产的英文短文。（分数：2.00）

__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案： The diagram explains the process for the making of chocolate. There are a total of ten stages in the process, beginning with the growing of the pods on the cacao trees and culminating in the production of the chocolate. To begin, the cocoa comes from the cacao tree, which is grown in the South American and African continents and the country of Indonesia? Once the pods are ripe and red, they are harvested and the white cocoa beans are removed. Following a period of fermentation, they are then laid out on a large tray so they can dry under the sun. Next, they are placed into large sacks and delivered to the factory. They are then roasted at a temperature of 350 degrees, after which the beans are crushed and separated from their outer shell. In the final stage, this inner part that is left is pressed and the chocolate is produced.) 解析：