雅思写作之最基本的虚拟语气句型

虚拟时间 现在 过去 将来 if从句谓语形式 did/were had done/had been were to/should+do 主句谓语形式 would(should,could,might) do would(should,could,might)have done/been would(should,could,might) do 1.虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设。 其if从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式（be一般用were）, 主句用would/should/could/might +动词原型 Eg1. 如果合法化，会引诱人们陷入没有结果的一夜暴富的幻想中 If gambling were legalised, it would tempt people to fruitless fantasies of instant riches.

Eg 2. 如果没有审查制度， 信息高速公路可能会变成电子“”

If there were no information censorship, the information highway would be in danger of becoming an electronic “red light district”。

2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设， if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时， 即had+ 过去分词， 主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。 Eg. 1 如果发达国家过去没有捐赠不计其数的救援物资， 发展中国家成百上千的穷人就会死于饥饿或传染病。

If developed countries had not donated countless relief materials, millions of poor people in developing countries would have died of hunger or infectious diseases.

Eg. 2. 如果中国没有审查网络， 那么青少年就会接触到不雅的材料, 例如暴力与色情

If China had not censored the internet, minors could have been exposed to indecent materials such as violence and pornography.

3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来事实可能相反的假设。 if从句的谓语形式用一般过去式或用were to/should + 动词原形， 主句用would/should/could/might + 动词原形

Eg 1. 如果吸食毒品合法化， 大量的时间就将用于解决更严重的问题 If drug use were to be legalised, considerable police time could be spent in dealing with other more serious problems.

Eg 2. 如果西方国家停止资助第三世界国家， 第三世界国家会寻求经济。 If western countries should stop financing the Third World, it would struggle for its economic independence.

4. 省略if采用倒装语序的条件句 有时可以吧含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if省去， 而将had,should,were等词提到主语之前， 即用倒装结构。**如果没有had,should,were等词， 既不能省略if, 也不能倒装。

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Eg 1. 如果没有关于名流的八卦新闻， 人们会不满意， 媒体也失去娱乐性。 原句：

If there should be no gossip about celebrities, people would not be satisfied and the media would be less entertainging.

=>Should there be no gossip about celebrities, people would not be satisfied and the media would be less entertainging.

Eg 2. 如果实施严厉的惩罚， 交通违章者人数会急剧下降。 原句：

If strict penalty were to be implemented, the number of traffic violators would drop significantly.

=>Were strict penalty to be implemented, the number of traffic violators would drop significantly.

Eg 3. 如果狗仔队没有在巴黎追踪戴安娜王妃， 她就不会死于车祸。 原句：

If paparazzi had not trailed Princess Diana in Paris, she would not have been killed in the car accident.

=>Had paparazzi not trailed Princess Diana in Paris, she would not have been killed in the car accident.

*5.有时虚拟条件句用介词短语otherwise，or, without, but for（如果没有， 要不是）来引导 （形式上的虚拟语气）

Eg 1. 公众场合应该安装更多的监视装置(surveillance devices)， 否则市民没有安全感。

More surveillance devices should be fixed in public areas; otherwise citizens would not have a sense of security.

Eg 2. 如果（but for/without）没有媒体， 演员们会因为没有足够的媒体曝光率而成不了超级巨星。

But for/Without the press, actors and actresses might not have enough media exposure to become superstars.

二、雅思写作之名词性从句中的虚拟语气

雅思写作中的虚拟语气之I.

在表示要求(request, require, , demand, insist)、命令

(stipulate, urge, command, grant, order) 、想法(prefer, agree, decide, determine)、建议(propose, suggest, advise,indicate, vote) 等的动词后的从句里， 如果用should+动词原形， should可以省略。 如：

Eg 1. 有人建议吧大麻合法化， 以便可以通过征税管理这种毒品。

It is advised that marijuana (should)be legalised so that the government might regulate the drug by imposing taxes.

Eg 2. 观众要求媒体每天提供没有偏见、公平的信息。

The audience demand that the media (should) provide unbiased and unprejudiced information every day.

Eg 3. 许多市民要求酒吧在凌晨一点钱关门。

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Many citizens require that the bars (should) be closed before 1 a.m.

Eg 4. 支持者坚持认为应该被合法化，这样可以为周围商家创造收入， 同时为当地居民提供就业机会。

支持者(proponent/advocate/supporter/backer)

Gambling proponents insist that gambling (should) be legalized to generate income for surrounding businesses and provide job opportunities for local residents.

雅思写作中的虚拟语气之II.

在表示要求(request, requirement, , demand, insistence)、命令(stipulation, command, order) 、想法

(preference, agreement, decision, determination)、建议

(proposal, suggestion, advice,indication) 等的名词后的从句里，如果用should+动词原形， should可以省略

Eg 1. 合法化的赞成者（拥护者）建议通过宣布合法化来打击非法。

Legalisation advocates’ suggestion is that the government (should) fight illegal gambling by declaring gambing legal.

Eg 2. 堕胎支持者认为是否堕胎应该留给当事人决定。

Abortion backers make the proposal that to abort or not (should)be left to the woman to decide.

雅思写作中的虚拟语气之III.

在It is/was + 形容词后的that 从句中如果用should的结构， should可以省略。 这类形容词常见的有：

表示“建议的”advisable, preferable, recommended, desirable, eager 表示“紧急的”anxious, urgent, 表示“必须

的”crucial, essential, vital, necessary, obligatory,compulsory, imperative, 表示“可能的”“合适的”possible, impossible probable, , （improper, important, natural） Eg 1. 富国当然有义务帮助穷国

It is natural that wealthier countries (should)have the obligation to assist their less wealthy counterparts.

Eg 2. 有必要采取“审查互联网”的方法防止未成年人接触到不良内容。 It is essential that the government (should) adopt the “Censor the Net” approach to keep inappropriate materials out of minors’ hands. Eg 3. 公布公众人物的私生活对新闻自由至关重要。

It is vital for freedom of the press that public figures’ private life (should) be published.

雅思写作中的虚拟语气之VI. wish从句中的虚拟语气

表示现在或将来的愿望， 从句中使用过去时。

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Eg 1. 我希望可以在贵餐厅得到良好的服

务。 I wish I could receive a good treat in your restaurant.

Eg 2. 我们希望不再有名人因为狗仔队的追逐（chase）而受伤或丧命

We wish no more public figures (would) be hurt or killed due to the paparazzi’s chase.

-表示过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望， 从句用过去完成式或would, could, might+have+过去分词。

Eg.我真希望当初没有把手提电脑遗忘在你家。 I wish I would not have left my laptop in your home.

-如果从句中用would, 一般表示对现状不满或希望未来有所改变或请求。 Eg 1. 我希望你可以帮我找到便宜的住处

I wish you would help me find cheap accommodation.

Eg 2. 如果毒品被合法化， 吸毒者（drug doers）就会以为吸毒是没问题的。 If drugs were legalised, drug doers would think that drug-taking were OK.

Eg 3. 不应该为了增加税收（tax income/revenue）而让合法化，这是必须(obligatory)的。

It is obligatory that the government should not legalize gambling to increase revenue. Eg 4. 通过社区服务(community service), 做错事的人会感到自己没有被歧视（discriminate）或看不起(look down upon)

Through community service, wrongdoers would feel not being discriminated and looked down upon.

Eg 5. 支管理会剥夺（deprive..of…）市民保护自己家人和家园的权利。

Gun control would deprive citizens of their right to protect their families and homes.

Eg 6. 如果动物实验animal testing被取消， 人类将没有办法测试药品。 If animal testing were cancelled, man would have no way to test medicines.

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