短文改错解析

近7年高考改错分析： 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 形容词，副词 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 时态 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 连词 2 1 1 1 3 3 0 名词单复数 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 介词 1 0 1 1 1 1 2

第一部分：短文改错分析 （一）命题原则

短文改错题的目的在于测试考生判断、发现、纠正语篇中语言错误的能力，以及考查考生在语篇中综合运用的准确性。汉语式英语的错误是短文改错考查的重点。

（二）题材特点

它往往选用一篇110字左右的学生习作式的短文，通俗易懂。以记叙文为主，题材和语言都符合高中学生的实际，以简单句为主。

（三）错题类型

形式上看，错词的占7行，多词1行，缺词1行，正确的占1行。 （四）知识考查范围

动词的时态、语态、非谓语形式、情态动词和动词的误用；名词的数与格；定语从句关系词用错；介词搭配；代词人称用错；定冠词和不定冠词用错；形容词和副词用混；表达前后语义关系的连词用错；平行结构等。

第二部分：应试策略

原则：不求面面俱到，但要重点突出。

改错技巧及单项训练： 一、词法 ① 冠词

主要考查冠词的基本用法，如冠词的泛指与特指，不定冠词与定冠词的误用，固定搭配和习惯用法种冠词的有无等。

1）Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher.(NMET2000)

2)When I was boy , the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. [江苏卷] 3)I started writing down words from books that I read. [重庆卷]

4)Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. [福建卷] ② 名词

主要考查名词的可数与不可数，可数名词有无复数，不可数名词无复数形式以及抽象名词具体化等问题。 形容词错用名词。如 important—importance，different—difference，difficult---difficulty，interesting （interested）---interest，surprised （surprising）---surprise

1).I’ll get good marks in all my subject.(NMET2001) 2).It’s of great important to learn English well.

代词 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 冠词 1 1 1 0 0 1 1 非谓语 0 1 3 2 0 0 1 搭配 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 语义 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 3) But after class we become stranger at once. [全国卷（河南等）]

4) You can find all kinds of informations in just a few minutes on the Internet. [全国卷（广西等）] 5)That man is great success as a businessman. [浙江卷]

③ 代词:主要考查物主代词、人称代词的宾格和主格、反身代词、代词所指代的内容在上下文中是否一致定语从句引导词以及it, one, that, other等代词的用法等等。

1)At once I apologized and controlled me at my best till the dinner started. [江苏卷] 2) Luckily, the teacher did not punish him for

cheating but instead gave me a second chance. [湖南卷]

3) And they must not break the rules too often if we want to win the game.(NMET98) 4）The day before the speech contest, English teacher talked to me. 5) I know that is not easy to be a teacher. [湖北卷]

6) I have a good friend who name is Liu Mei. [福建卷]

7) If any one of us had any difficulty in our life and study, the other would help him out. ④ 连词

主要考查连词的使用是否正确、遗漏或多余。如果是并列句要判断句与句之间的关系，是并列、转折、选择、递进还是让步；对于复合句首先要判断从句的类别，然后根据主从句之间的关系注意连接词的使用。 1）It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest.

2)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. [江苏卷] 3) For example, you can find such information like how to protect yourself. [全国卷（广西等）] 4)It has been five years when we graduated, but those memories are as sweet as ever before. [天津卷] ⑤ 形容词和副词

主要考查形容词和副词是否混淆使用、比较级和最高级是否使用正确等。 1）Unfortunate, there are too many people in my family. 2) Yes, a concert can be very excited. [全国卷]

3) However, we seldom felt lonely or helplessly. [天津卷] 4)She got up much early than usual yesterday. [福建卷] 5)It was so a cold day. [辽宁卷] ⑥ 介词

主要考查介词与动词、副词或名词的误用，以及在固定结构和习惯用法中的多余和遗漏。 1)I look forward to hear from you soon.

2) We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about. [福建卷]

3) I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. [全国卷（河南等）] 4)…you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors’ Club… 5)We practise for three times every week.

⑦ 非谓语动词:主要考查动词时态、语态错误，人称与数的一致、不定式中小品词to 的多余与遗漏、Be的多余与少用、and 连接的不定式或动名词前后一致（尤其距离较远时)及现在分词和过去分词的区别等。 1) I don’t remember the question discussing at the meeting yesterday. [全国卷]

2)I particularly enjoyed driving through the countryside with you and saw the changing colors of the leaves on the trees.[辽宁卷]

3)She stopped look out of the window and found a cloud of smoke coming out of her neighbour’s house. [福建卷] a) I am happy with any programme but the others spent a lot of time arguing. (NMET99)

b) They did not want me to do any work at home; they want me to devote all my time to my studies.(NMET2001)

c）Last Sunday， police cars hurry to the tallest building in New York. （NMET92） d）Today it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past.（NMET93）

e）Hello，I learn about you from my English teacher， Miss Fang. （NMET97）

f) I use to play ping-pong a lot in my spare time, but now I am interested in football.(NMET97) g）He not only came to see me but also tell me the news. f) I remembered her words and calm down.(NMET2000)

g) Charles and Linda were seeing near the top of the building.(NMET92)

h) The librarian will write to you, and let you know when the book you want has returned.(NMET94) i) Anyone may borrow books, and it cost nothing to borrow them.(NMET2000) j) Now my picture and the prize is hanging in the library.(NMET2000) k) What your favourite sport? ( NMET97)

l) By the way when you come, please take your sister here.

2．句法:句法所涉及的方面主要有时态语态、主谓一致、平行结构以及句子类型的使用（如简单句、并列句和复合句）等。

1) By the end of last year, my collection has grown to 3,000 words. [重庆卷]

2) I still remember my middle school life in Tianjin … We treat each other as brothers and sisters. [天津卷] ② 主谓一致

主要考查谓语动词的数在形式上要与句子的主语保持一致。 1) If I listen to my own records, there are no need to spend money. [全国卷（四川等）]

2) One evening she told me that something happened when her parents was out. [福建卷]

3) …you will probably want to join the Stamp Collectors’ Club which exist to add more stamps to your collection. ③ 平行结构

平行结构通常借助于and, but, or, not only…but also…, either…or…, neither…nor…等连词进行连接。在此结构中使用的语法结构必须对等。

1) At once I apologize and controlled myself at my best till the dinner started. [江苏卷]

2) Then, I put my book under my desk, opening it and started looking for the answers. [湖南卷] 3．行文逻辑

涉及的错误在于上下文之中，有的是主从句连接不当，有的是前后意思相互矛盾、上下文相互排斥，有的则前后语意上缺乏衔接和连贯等。

1) You have to learn in order to teach. Without enough knowledge, you can never learn well. [湖北卷] 2) Time for class. When I walked into the classroom, the teacher was handing in the tests. [湖南卷] 【短文改错解题要领】

短文改错不同于单句改错，它要求考生把握全篇的主旨和整体结构，弄清上下文逻辑关系。有时孤立地分析某个句子，其结构正确、语言通顺，但一联系上下文，便会发现该句中有不合逻辑的地方。因此，做短文改错，首先必须通读全文，理解大意，切忌拿到题目边读边改，只见树木不见森林。

然后，仔细阅读，上下对照，逐句分析。１、分析句子结构是否完整,注意主谓一致、时态和语态、句与句之间的连接以及平行结构等。２、检查冠词、介词、名词和代词的性、数、格等、动词的第三人称单数和非谓语动词等、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级、基本用法等以及词语搭配等。３、根据文章的内在联系，判断上下文有无逻辑方面的错误。

最后必须对改正后的全文仔细检查。检查不仅要看词法、句法，更要看语篇结构以及行文、逻辑等有无问题。通过复读检查，不仅有助于我们更好地把握文意，而且便于核对原来的判断是否有误，从而提高解题的正确率。

四不考:不考语序，标点符号，大小写，单词拼写 练习：

（06）An American and a Frenchman dicided to cross the sea

Between France and England in the balloon in 1784 .High 76. Over the water ,they discover a hole in the balloon .The 77. Hole became bigger and bigger .The air keeps the 78.

Ballon up was escaping quickly and the balloon was 79. coming up.The two men threw their equipment into 80. The water to make the balloon light. It started to rise 81. Higher again.So it was still too close to the water. 82. Finally ,the men threw away most of his clothe to 83. save themselves .The crowd waiting for to greet them in 84. Endland was very surprised see this the balloon 85. Landed in front of them. （07）Dear Grandpa,

Thank you for your letter.

My school is organizing a basketball team and

there' s just a chance which I can join it. I'm little of 76. ______ course, but terribly quick and bravely. While the others 77. _______ are jumping about in the air, I can run under my legs 78. _______ and get the ball. It will be lots of fun for practicing but 79. _______ in the playground in the afternoon with the tree 80. _______ around us all red and yellow and everybody laughing 81. _______ and shouting. These are the happier girls I' ve ever 82. _______ seen and I' m the happiest in all! 83. _______ I meant to write long letter and tell you all the 84. _______ things I' m doing at school, but the bell was ringing, 85. _______ so I just have to stop here.

（08） If I have the honor to be chose to work for the 76. ___________ 29th Olympic Games, I will at first improve my 77.__________ English so that I can talk easily about foreign visitor. 78. ___________ Second, I will learn more about history of the 79. __________ Olympics as good as the 2008 Olympic Games. Third, 80. __________ since I was familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find 81. __________ their ways in the city. Finally, I should be able to tell 82. __________ visitors about our history and culture and show 83. _________ them their great achievements. In short, I will do 84._________ my best to help making the Games a success. 85. _________ 练习：

A Frenchman was once visiting London. He wished to

take a walk to see a city . But he was afraid he might 1. get being lost because he knew no words of English .So 2. before he left his hotel ,he stopped at the first corner and 3. carefully copied in his notebook the names of the street 4. that he was staying .Then he walked on .At last, he got 5. lost. In several hours he found a policeman .The Frenchman 6. tried his best to explain the policeman that he didn’t know 7. the name of his hotel, however he knew the name of the 8. street .He then showed the policeman that he copied 9. in his notebook. It read : “One-way street”. 10. Stanley and Frank are next door neighbor who study 1. _____________ in the same class, so they walked together to and from school. 2. ____________

Some day as they were walking home together it 3. ____________ sudden started to rain. Stanley quickly opened his umbrella 4. ____________ and said, “My mother surely has foresight. 5. ____________ She said on this morning it would rain and told me to carry my 6. ____________ umbrella with me.” Frank smiled and walked to him, said, 7. ____________ “My mother has even great foresight. She told me not to 8. ____________ carry an umbrella and as she knew you would certainly 9. ____________ have with you. Don’t you agree?” 10. ____________