中南大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题A卷及其详解

中南大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

Paper One

Part I Using of English（20％）

Section One Vocabulary and Structure（10％）

Directions：There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part．For each sentence there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．

1．Once a picture is proved to be a forgery，it becomes quite________． A）unworthy B）worthless C）invaluable D）priceless

2．Jimmy earns his living by_____works of art in the museum． A）renewing B）reviving C）recovering D）restoring

3．I couldn’t sleep last night because the tap in the bathroom was____． A）spilling B）dripping C）draining D）dropping

4．The book gives a brief_____of the course of his research up till now． A）frame B）outlook C）outline D）reference 5．She was standing outside in the snow，_____with cold． A）shaking B）staggering C）spinning D）shivering 6．All the rooms on the second floor have nicely______carpets，which are included in the price of

the house．

A）suited B）fitted C）adapted D）equipped 7．He plays tennis to the____of all other sports．

A）extension B）inclusion C）eradication D）exclusion

8．She answered with an______“No”to the request that she attend the public hearing． A）emotional B）emphatic C）eloquent D）effective

9．Everyone who has visited the city agrees that it is______with life． A）energetic B）full

C）vibrant D）violent

10．We met Mary and her husband at a party two months ago．_____we’ve had no further

communication．

A）Thereafter B）Thereabouts C）Thereof D）Thereby

11．It is imperative that students________their term papers on time． A）have to hand in B）handed in

C）hand in D）would hand in 12．The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck，___to the truck． A）the stress is greater B）the greater the stress C）the greater stress is D）greater is the stress

13．The Minister of Finance is believed_______of imposing new taxes to raise extra revenue． A）that he is to think B）to think

C）that he is thinking D）to be thinking

14．Issues of price，place，promotion，and product are_____conventional concerns in planning

marketing strategies．

A）among the most B）among the many of C）these of the most D）most of those

15．_____both sides accept the agreement________ a lasting peace be established in this region． A）Should，will B）Unless，would C）Only if, will D）If only，would

16．Mr．Wells，together with all the members of his family，_____for Europe this afternoon． A）is leaving B）leave

C）are to leave D）are leaving

17．It was suggested that all government ministers should＿information on their financial

interests．

A）tell B）disclose C）discover D）uncover

18．As my exams are coming next week，I’11 take advantage of the weekend to_____on some

reading．

A）make up B）pick up C）catch up D）clear up

19．I’m surprised they are no longer on speaking terms．It’s not like either of them to bear

a_________．

A）grudge B）hatred C）disgust D）curse 20．Mary hopes to be_______from hospital next week． A）expelled B）resigned C）dismissed D）discharged

Section Two Cloze Test（10％）

Directions：There are 20 blanks in the following passage ．For each blank there are four choices

marked A），B），C），and D）on the right side of the paper．You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage ．Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet with a single line through the center．

The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours’sleep_21_with some 16-17 hours’wakefulness and that the sleep normally coincides__22_ the hours of darkness．Our present__23__is with how easily and to what extent this___24___ can be modified．

The question is no mere academic one ．The ease with__25__people can change from working in the day to working at night is a___26__ of growing importance in industry where automation__27__ round-the-clock working of machines．It normally__28__from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a__29__ routine of sleep and wakefulness，sleeping __30__ the day and working at night．__31__it is often the case in industry that shifts are changed every week．This__32__that no sooner has he got used to one routine__33__ he has to change to another，__34__much of his time is spent neither working nor sleeping very __35__．

One answer would seem to be__36__periods on each shift，a month，or even three months．__37__，recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their __38__habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any __39__ to night work built up during the week．The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those permanent night workers whose __40__may persist through all week-ends and holidays．

21．A）allegation B）alternation C）allocation D）alterative 22．A）over B）of C）with D）in

23．A）think B）consider C）regard D）concern 24．A）round B）circle C）period D）cycle 25．A）for B）that C）which D）as

26．A）matter B）trouble C）difficulty D）problem 27．A）reacts to B）calls for C）invites D）asks 28．A）requests B）demands C）spends D）takes 29．A）regular B）reversed C）returned D）former 30．A）during B）after C）on D）with 31．A）In comparison B）In a word C）Unfortunately D）Therefore 32．A）mean B）meaning C）meant D）means 33．A）than B）then C）when D）as

34．A）as B）while C）so that D）though 35．A）happily B）easily C）good D）efficiently 36．A）nicer B）longer C）better D）shorter 37．A）However B）Similarly C）In short D）So 38．A）favourite B）temporary C）normal D）new 39．A）tendency B）adaptation C）return D）change

40．A）habit B）preference C）sleep D）wakefulness

Part II Reading Comprehension（40％）

Directions：There are 5 reading passages in this part．Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements．For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）．You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre．

Questions 41 to 43 are based on the following passage．

During the long vacation I was accepted as a trainee bus conductor．I found the job fiercely demanding even on a short route with a total of about two dozen passengers．I pulled the wrong tickets，forgot the change and wrote up my log at the end of each trip in a way that drew hollow laughter from the inspectors．The inspectors were likely to appear at any time．A conductor with twenty years’service could be dismissed if an inspector caught him accepting money without pulling a ticket．If a hurrying passenger pressed the fare into your hand as he leapt out of the back door，it was wise to tear a ticket and throw it out after him．There might be a plain-clothes inspector following in an unmarked car．

I lasted about three weeks all told．The routes through town were more than the mind could stand even in the off-peak hours．All the buses from our station and every other station would be crawling nose to tail through the town while the entire working population of Sydney fought to get aboard． It was hot that summer：100°Fahrenheit every day，Inside the bus it was 30°hotter still．It was so jammed inside that my feet weren’t touching the floor．I couldn’t blink the sweat out of my eyes．There was no hope of collecting any fares．At each stop it was all I could do to reach the bell-push that signaled the driver to close the automatic doors and get going．I had no way of telling whether anybody had managed to get on or off．My one object was to get that bus up Pitt Street．

In these circumstances I was scarcely to blame．I didn’t even know where we were，but I guessed we were at the top just before Market Street．I pressed the bell，the doors puffed closed，and the bus surged forward．There were shouts and yells from down the back，but I thought they were the angry cries of passengers who had not got on．Too late I realized that they were emanating from within the bus．The back set of automatic doors had closed around an old lady’s neck as she was getting on．Her head was inside the bus．The rest of her，carrying a shopping bag was outside．I knew none of this at the time．

When I at last cottoned on to the fact that something untoward was happening and signaled the driver to stop，he crashed to a halt and opened the automatic doors，whereupon the woman dropped to the road．She was very nice about it．Perhaps the experience had temporarily dislocated her mind．Anyway，she apologized to me for causing so much trouble．Unfortunately，the car behind turned out to be full of inspectors．Since it would have made headlines if a university student had been thrown off the buses for half-executing a woman of advanced years，I was given the opportunity to leave quietly．Once again this failed to coincide with my own plans in the sense that I had already resigned．In fact，I had made my decision at about the same time as the old lady hit the ground．

41．What do we learn about the inspectors in the first paragraph？

A）They never wore uniforms． B）They found the writer amusing．

C）They distrusted older employees． D）They were feared by employees． 42．When the incident with old lady happened，_____． A）the writer’s employers wanted to avoid publicity B）the writer had already decided to give up the job C）the consequences were as the writer expected D）the writer was offered the chance to continue 43．What is the writer’s attitude now to the job？

A）He thinks that he was unfairly treated by the inspectors． B）He feels responsible for the incident that ended it． C）He believes that it was an impossible job to do well．

D）He is ashamed that he was incapable of doing it properly．

Questions 44 to 46 are based on the following passage．

Since the dawn of human ingenuity，people have devised ever more cunning tools to cope with work that is dangerous，boring，burdensome，or just plain nasty．That compulsion has resulted in robotics-the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines．And if scientists have yet to create the mechanical version of science fiction，they have begun to come close． As a result，the modern world is increasingly populated by intelligent gizmos whose presence we barely notice but whose universal existence has removed much human labor．Our factories hum to the rhythm of robot assembly arms．Our banking is done at automated teller terminals that thank us with mechanical politeness for the transaction．Our subway trains are controlled by tireless robot drivers．And thanks to the continual miniaturization of electronics and micro-mechanics，there are already robot systems that can perform some kinds of brain and bone surgery with submillimeter accuracy-far greater precision than highly skilled physicians can achieve with their hands alone．

But if robots are to reach the next stage of laborsaving utility，they will have to operate with less human supervision and be able to make at least a few decisions for themselves-goals that pose a real challenge．“While we know how to tell a robot to handle a specific error，”says Dave Lavery，manager of a robotics program at NASA，“we can’t yet give a robot enough’common sense’to reliably interact with a dynamic world．”

Indeed the quest for true artificial intelligence has produced very mixed results．Despite a spell of initial optimism in the 1960s and 1970s when it appeared that transistor circuits and microprocessors might be able to copy the action of the human brain by the year 2010，researchers lately have begun to extend that forecast by decades if not centuries．

What they found，in attempting to model thought，is that the human brain’s roughly one hundred billion nerve cells are much more talented-and human perception far more complicated-than previously imagined．They have built robots that can recognize the error of a machine panel by a fraction of a millimeter in a controlled factory environment．But the human mind can glimpse a rapidly changing scene and immediately disregard the 98 percent that is irrelevant，instantaneously focusing on the monkey at the side of a winding forest road or the single suspicious face in a big crowd．The most advanced computer systems on Earth can’t approach that kind of ability，and scientists still don’t know quite how we do it．

44．Human ingenuity was initially demonstrated in____． A）the wide use of machines in manufacturing industry B）the use of machines to produce science fiction C）the clever tackling of dangerous and boring work

D）the invention of tools for difficult and dangerous work

45．According to the text，what is beyond man’s ability now is to design a robot that can A）interact with human beings verbally

B）fulfill delicate tasks like performing brain surgery C）respond independently to a changing world D）have a little common sense

46．The author uses the example of a monkey to argue that robots are____． A）able to perceive abnormalities immediately

B）expected to copy human brain in internal structure C）best used in a controlled environment

D）far less able than human brain in focusing on relevant information

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage．

Use of the illegal drug named Ecstasy（MDMA）（一种，俗称）has increased alarmingly in Britain over the last few years，and in 1992 the British Medical Journal claimed that at least seven deaths and many severe adverse reactions have followed its use as a dance drug．14 deaths have so far been attributed to the drug in Britain although it is possible that other drugs contributed to some of those deaths．While it is true that all drugs by their very nature change the way in which the body reacts to its environment and are therefore potentially dangerous，it is still unclear whether casual use of Ecstasy is as dangerous as authorities believe．What is certain is that the drug causes distinct changes to the body which，unless understood，may lead to fatal complications in certain circumstances．In almost all cases of MDMA related deaths in Britain，overheating of the body and inadequate replacement of fluids have been noted as the primary causes of death．Yet in the US，studies appear to implicate other causes．It seems that normal healthy people are unlikely to die as a result of taking MDMA，but people with pre-existing conditions such as a weak heart or asthma may react in extreme ways and are well advised not to take it．Not all physical problems associated with the drug are immediate．Medium term and long term effects have been reported which are quite disturbing，yet not all ace conclusively linked to the drug’s use．Medium term effects include the possibility of contracting the liver disease hepatitis，or risking damage to the kidneys．However，animal studies show no such damage，although it is readily admitted by researchers that animal studies are far from conclusive since humans react in different ways than rats and monkeys to the drug．Perhaps the most damning evidence urging against the use of Ecstasy is that it is undoubtedly an addictive substance，but one that quickly loses its ability to transport the mind，while it increases its effect upon the body．Yet，unlike the classic addictive drugs，Ecstasy does not produce． physical withdrawal symptoms．In fact，because one becomes quickly tolerant of its effect on the mind，it is necessary to give up its use for a while in order to experience again its full effect．Any substance which produces such a strong effect on the user should be treated with appropriate respect and caution．

47．According to the passage，authorities believe that_____． A）casual use of MDMA won’t cause death

B）even casual use of MDMA will be dangerous for the health C）the effects of casual use of MDMA remain unknown

D）casual use of MDMA won’t cause distinct changes to the body 48．Which of the following might be one cause of MDMA related death in Britain according to the

passage？

A）Too much fluids in the body． B）Being addicted to other drugs． C）Using MDMA as a dance drug． D）Overheating of the body．

49．It is implied in the passage that the conclusion drawn from MDMA studies on animals____． A）cannot provide absolute proof of the effect of the drug on humans B）shows damage to the kidneys

C）suggests the use of Ecstasy increases the risk of contracting the liver disease hepatitis D）has been overlooked

50．MDMA differs from the classic drugs in that_____． A）It is an addictive substance

B）It produces physical withdrawal symptoms C）It fails to excite the mind of the users D）It is used as a dance drug

51．What is true of the nature of all drugs according to the passage？

A）They increase the possibility of contracting the liver disease hepatitis． B）Not all effects of their use are immediate．

C）They change the way the body reacts to its environment and are therefore dangerous． D）They produce physical withdrawal symptoms

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage．

The atmosphere that originally surrounded Earth was probably much different from the air we breathe today．Earth’s first atmosphere（some 4．6 billion years ago）was most likely hydrogen and helium-． the two most abundant gasses found in the universe-as well as hydrogen compounds，such as methane and ammonia，Most scientists feel that this early atmosphere escaped into space from the Earth’s hot surface．

A second，more dense atmosphere，however，gradually enveloped Earth as gasses．From molten rocks within its hot interior escaped through volcanoes and steam vents．We assume that volcanoes spewed out the same gasses then as they do today：mostly water vapor（about 90 percent），carbon dioxide（about ten percent），and up to a few percent nitrogen．These same gasses probably created Earth’s second atmosphere． As millions of years passed，the constant outpouring of gasses from the hot interior known as outgassing-provided a rich supply of water vapor，which formed into clouds．Rain fell upon Earth for many thousands or years，forming the rivers，lakes，and oceans of the world．During this Lime，large amounts of carbon dioxide were dissolved in the oceans．Through chemical and biological processes，much of the carbon dioxide became locked up in carbon sedimentary rocks，such as limestone．With much of the water vapor already condensed into water and the concentration of

carbon dioxide dwindling，the atmosphere gradually became rich nitrogen． It appears that oxygen，the second most abundant gas in today’s atmosphere，probably began an extremely slow increase in concentration as energetic rays from the sun split water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen during a process called photodissociation．The hydrogen，being lighter，probably rose and escaped into space，while the oxygen remained in the atmosphere．

This slow increase in oxygen may have provided enough of this gas for primitive plants to evolve，perhaps two to three billion years ago．Or the plants may have evolved in an almost oxygen-free（anaerobic）environment．At any rate，plant growth greatly enriched our atmosphere with oxygen．The reason for this enrichment is that plants，in the presence of sunlight，process carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen． 52．What is the main idea of the passage？

A）The atmosphere on Earth has changed over time． B）The original atmosphere on Earth was unstable．

C）Plant growth depended on oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere．

D）Hot underground gasses created clouds，which formed the Earth’s atmosphere．

53．According to the passage outgassing eventually led to all is closest in meaning to all of the

following EXCEPT_____．

A）the formation of bodies of water

B）increases in the carbon dioxide content of sedimentary rocks C）the formation of clouds

D）decreases in the level of nitrogen

．The word“gradually” is closest in meaning to_____． A）quickly B）accidentally C）by degrees D）in the end

55．The passage suggests that oxygen of gasses remained in the atmosphere because A）it was heavier than hydrogen B）it was caused by outgassing

C）rays from the sun created equal amounts of hydrogen D）hydrogen became trapped in limestone

56．Which of the following does the passage mention as necessary for both the production of

oxygen by photodissociation and the production of oxygen by plants？ A）Hydrogen． B）Water．

C）Nitrogen D）Carbon dioxide

Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage．

One of the chief functions of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society．Now adult society is made up of men and women，so how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock．

A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature．Boys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other，to learn to live together from their earliest years．They are put in a position where they can compare themselves

with each other in terms of academic ability，athletic achievement and many of the extra-curricular activities which are part of school life．What a practical advantage it is to be able to put on a school play in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls！

But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encourages．Boys don’t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures-airy goddesses，more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale，than human beings．Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes．Years of living together at school dismiss such illusions．The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up．These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment．When the time comes for the pupils to leave school，they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults．They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women．

57．What does co-education offer to children?

A）A true small model of society． B）A society． C）True version of social condition． D）A real life． 58．What does the word“segregated”（Para．1）probably mean？ A）separated． B）closed．

C）isolated． D）all boys or all girls， 59．According to the passage，what is one of the chief aims of education? A）It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology， B）It is for students to acquire knowledge．

C）It is for students to get academic achievements．

D）It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society． 60．Why don’t boys and girls in co-education have illusions about each other? A）Years of living together at school dismiss such illusions． B）They live together and know each other too well． C）They are familiar with each other’s problems．

D）Co-education encourages them to have a healthy attitude toward life．

Paper Two

Part III Translations（20%）

Section One From English to Chinese（10％）

Directions：Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sentences into Chinese．Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II

Like many concepts in social psychology，aggression has many definitions，even many evaluations．（61）Some think of aggression as a great virtue（e．g．“the aggressive businessperson”）, while others see aggression．

The fact they we do keep the same word anyway suggests that there is a commonality：Both positive and negative aggression serve to enhance the self．（62）The positive version, which we could call assertiveness, is acting in a way that enhances the self, without the implication that we are hurting someone else． The negative version，which we might call violence，focuses more on the“disenhancement\" of others as a means to the same end．

Although the life of animals often seems rather bloody，we must take care not to confuse predation - the hunting and killing of other animals for food - with aggression．（63）Predation in carnivorous species has more in common with grazing in vegetarian species than with aggression between members of the same species．Take a good look at your neighborhood cat hunting a mouse：He is cool，composed，not hot and crazed． In human terms, there is not the usual emotional correlate of aggression：anger．He is simply taking care of business． That taken care of，there remains remarkably little aggression in the animal world．But it does remain．We find it most often in circumstances of competition over a resource．（）This resource must be important for“fitness，”that is，relevant to one’s individual or reproductive success．Further，it must be restricted in abundance：Animals do not，for example，compete for air，but may for water，food，nesting areas，and mates．

It is the last item - mates - that accounts for most aggression in mammals．And it is males that are most noted for this aggression．（65）As we mentioned earlier，females have so much at stake in any act of copulation (求偶结合）- so many months gestation, the increased energy requirement, susceptibility to attack, the dangers of birth, the responsibility of lactation - that it serves their fitness to be“picky” when looking for a partner．If females are picky，males must be show-offs：The male must demonstrate that he has the qualities that serve the female’s fitness，in order to serve his own fitness．Deer are a good example．Mind you，this need not be conscious or learned；in all likelihood，it is all quite instinctual in most mammals．It may possibly have some instinctual bases in us as well．

Section Two From Chinese to English（10％）

Directions：Read the following passage carefully and then translate the underlined sen- tences into English．Your translation must be written clearly on the ANSWER SHEET II．

美国人的生活习惯中，守时是对别人的时间表示尊重的一种方式，而对局外人来看，他们似乎受时钟的束缚。其他文化背景的人把人际关系看得比时间表更重要。在这些社会中，人们并不尽力去控制时间，而是去体验和品味它。人们对自然的周期性的变化的理解和体验也就形成他们对环境和时间变化表现为接受和适应的生活方式。人们学着去适应环境和时间的变动，因此他们比美国人更容易对事情表现出顺其自然的态度；而美国多则喜欢把事情计划订好而不作改变。

Part IV Writing（20％）

Directions：Write an essay of about 250-300 words on the topic“Sport Spirits and Virtues of Our Nation” according to the Chinese Explanation given below．Write your essay on ANSWER SHEET II clearly and neatly．

最近在政协会议上，王蒙先生针对体育，针对我们准备2008年奥运会，提出很多富有建设性的意见，特别是要求我们在体育比赛和报道中体现出泱泱大国的气度，而非弱者心态，着实发人深省。他建议，为了宣传好北京奥运会，对一场比赛输赢的政治意义不要做过分夸张的报道，不可在赢了以后联系到种族、肤色、眼球颜色、洲籍等内容；应注重表达对比赛对手的尊重和友谊，尊重国际体育组织等。王蒙先生的发言在会上和网上引起不同的反应和热议。作为东道主，你以为，我们应该如何看待竞争的体育精神和我们的好客、友善的民族美德之间的关系？

Sport Spirits and Virtues of Our Nation 中南大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题

参与解析

Part I Use of English(20%)

Section One Vocabulary and Structure(10%) 1．【答案】B

【译文】一旦一幅画被证明是赝品，那它就一文不值了。

【解析】各项的意思是：unworthy不值得的；worthless无价值的；invaluable无价的； priceless无价的，极其贵重的。 2．【答案】D

【译文】吉米通过修复博物馆的艺术品来度日。

【解析】各项的意思是：renew翻新，更新；revive复活，再流行；recover康复；restore（使）恢复原样，修复（健康，家具，艺术品）。 3．【答案】B

【译文】昨夜，浴室水龙头的滴水声使我无法入眠。

【解析】各项的意思是：spill涌出，溢出；drip滴落，滴下；drain排水；drop滴下, 落下。drop可以表达任何物体的落下，不限于液体，而drip指水滴，只能用于液体。 4．【答案】C

【译文】关于迄今为止他所做的研究，这本书给了我们一个简单的纲要。

【解析】各项的意思是：frame框架；outlook前景；outline要点，纲要；reference参考。 5．【答案】D

【译文】她站在外面的雪地上，因寒冷而浑身颤抖。

【解析】各项的意思是：shake摇动，震动；stagger蹒跚，行动不便或者站立不稳；spin旋转；shiver哆嗦，由于冷而颤抖或者好象由于冷而颤抖。 6．【答案】D

【译文】二楼房间的地板都有铺好的地毯，这些成本都包括在房价里。 【解析】各项的意思是：suited合适的，合身的；fitted配备的；fixed in place装好的； adapted适应的；equipped装配的。

7．【答案】D

【译文】他只打网球，其它的体育项目一律不参加。 【解析】to the exclusion of 的意思是：把……排斥在外。 8．【答案】B

【译文】她用一个有力的“不”字回答了要求她出席听政会的要求。 【解析】各项的意思是：emotional情绪激动的，动人的；empathic断然的，有力的；eloquent雄辩的；effective有效的。 9．【答案】C

【译文】每个游览过这个城市的人都觉得它充满生机。

【解析】各项的意思是：energetic精力充沛的；没有be full with的搭配形式，be full of充满；vibrant活力的、活跃的；violent侵犯的。 10．【答案】A

【译文】两个月前的一个晚会上，我们遇见了玛利夫妇，从那以后，我们就没有进一步联系了。

【解析】各项的意思是：thereafter从那以后； thereabouts大约； thereof它的，其； thereby由此、因而。 11．【答案】C

【译文】学生必须按时上交他们的学期论文。

【解析】It is imperative/necessary/important 等结构后的主语从句中，谓语动词用虚拟语气，用should加动词原形形式，should可省略。 12．【答案】C

【译文】地表和载满货物卡车的接触面越小，卡车的压力就越大。

【解析】在the more/less … the more结构里，表示“……越……，……就越……，”而且前后的句式应该一致，前一句是the less+名词+动词，后一句应该是the more+名词+动词。 13．【答案】D

【译文】人们认为，财政正在考虑通过征收新税来增加的额外收入。

【解析】动词不定式的现在进行时to be doing的意思是：正在考虑。当句子的主语是it时，才会用It is believed that…的形式。 14．【答案】A

【译文】营销策略计划中最常规的考虑因素是价格，地点，促销，产品。

【解析】among the most conventional concerns的意思是：最常规的考虑因素。 among后面可以接形容词的最高级，表示“其中之一”。 15．【答案】C

【译文】和约只有被双方都接受，永久的和平才有可能建立起来。

【解析】only if的意思是：只有……才……。only if放在句首时，句子须倒装。if only的意思是：只要，要是……多好。 16．【答案】A

【译文】下午，Mr Wells和他的家人要去欧洲。

【解析】在句子中，如果主语是单数，即使后面有with, together with, as well as,等引起的短语，谓语动词还是用单数。 17．【答案】B

【译文】所有的都得公开他们的金融利益的信息。

【解析】各项的意思是：tell告诉, 说, 吩咐；disclose（公开的）说出，透露；discover

发现；uncover揭露，发现。 18．【答案】B

【译文】下星期就要考试了，我将利用周末赶做些阅读。

【解析】各项的意思是：make up捏造；pick up获得；catch up(on)赶上（进度）；clear up解释；整理。 19．【答案】A

【译文】我很惊奇他们竟然不再和对方说话了，他们都不像是那种记仇的人。

【解析】各项的意思是：grudge怨恨，不满，嫌隙；bear a grudge/grudges（对人）怀恨在心；hatred仇恨，憎恶；disgust厌恶，反感，作呕；curse诅咒。 20．【答案】D

【译文】玛丽希望下星期出院。

【解析】各项的意思是：expel排出，驱逐；resign辞职；dismiss派遣，解散；discharge使退伍：释放、摆脱，如从监禁、护理或责任。 Section Two Close Test(10%) 21．【答案】B

【解析】各项的意思是：allegation主张，断言；alternation交替，轮换；allocation分配，安置； alternative不寻常的共替换的。在这个句子中，空格处应填一个名词。所以，答案是B。 22．【答案】C

【解析】coincide with的意思是：一致，相符合。是固定搭配。空格处的意思是：通常睡眠时间恰好与黑夜时间相吻合。所以，答案是C。 23．【答案】D

【解析】各项的意思是：think思索, 认为；consider考虑, 照顾, 认为；regard当作, 重视, 尊敬；concern涉及, 关系到。空格处的意思是：我们目前所关心的是……。所以，答案是D。 24．【答案】D

【解析】各项的意思是：round圆，圆形物；circle圆；period一段时间；cycle循环、周期。空格处的意思是：我们现在关心的是在何等程度上，循环可以改善。所以，答案是D。 25．【答案】C

【解析】在定语从句中，关系代词做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导。空格处的意思是：轻而易举地把人们在白天工作改为晚上工作。所以，答案是C。 26．【答案】A

【解析】各项的意思是：matter问题；a matter of大约，左右；trouble麻烦；difficulty困境；problem难题，困难。空格处的意思是：一个日益重要的问题。所以，答案是A。 27．【答案】B

【解析】各项的意思是：react to反应；call for需要，值得；invite邀请；ask询问。空格处的意思是：自动化需要机器昼夜不停地工作。所以，答案是B。 28．【答案】D

【解析】各项的意思是：request请求, 要求；demand要求, 需要；spend度过, 消磨；take拿走, 取, 抓。It takes some time to do sth.的意思是：花费时间做某事。所以，答案是D。 29．【答案】B

【解析】各项的意思是：regular有规律的；reversed反转的、颠倒的；returned被送回的；former早期的。空格处的意思是：通常人们要花五天到一周的时间来适应一个相反的循环。

所以，答案是B。 30．【答案】A

【解析】during the day表示在这一天的时间里，表示的是持续性的一天。表示具体的星期，日，月，应该用on；表示年用in；年月日一起就用on，比如：on the 1st, 1999。空格处的意思是：在白天睡觉，晚上工作。所以，答案是A。 31．【答案】C

【解析】各项的意思是：In comparison比较；In a word总之；Unfortunately不幸地；Therefore因此，所以。句子意思是：颠倒作息时间大约需要五天到一个星期，不幸地的是，在工厂里这种轮班工作经常是每周一换的。所以，答案是C。 32．【答案】D

【解析】此句的句子结构是This（主语）+谓语+that形式，主语是this，而且整篇文章用的都是一般现在时，所以这里就只能选则means，所以，答案是D。 33．【答案】A

【解析】no sooner…than…的意思是：一……就……。空格处的意思是：这就意味着他还没适应一个循环，就进入了另一个循环。所以，答案是A。 34．【答案】C

【解析】so that的意思是：以便，结果，以至。空格处的意思是：所以他的睡眠、工作效率都不高。所以，答案是C。 35．【答案】D

【解析】各项的意思是：happily幸福地, 愉快地, 恰当地；easily容易地, 不费力地；good优良的, 上等的, 虔诚的；efficiently有效率地, 有效地。空格处的意思是：作息时间经常性的颠倒当然会降低工作和睡眠的效率。所以，答案是D。 36．【答案】B

【解析】各项的意思是：nicer良好的；longer比较久的；better更好的, 更多的, 更佳的；shorter更短的。这里的a month相对于前面的a week当然是较长一点，所以，答案是B。 37．【答案】A

【解析】各项的意思是：However无论如何, 可是；Similarly 同样地, 类似于；In short简而言之；So如此, 那么, 非常。空格处的意思是：较长的转换期相对于一个星期来说会好一些，但它同样有不足之处。所以，答案是A。 38．【答案】C

【解析】各项的意思是：favorite喜爱的；temporary短暂的，暂时的；normal正常的；new新的, 初见的, 更新的。空格处的意思是：在周末回到他们原来那种白天工作晚上睡觉的常规作息时间。所以，答案是C。 39．【答案】B

【解析】各项的意思是：tendency趋向, 倾向；adaptation 适应, 改编；adaptation （to）（对……的）适应性；return 回来, 返回；change改变, 变化, 转变。所以，答案是B。 40．【答案】A

【解析】各项的意思是：habit习惯，习性；preference偏爱；sleep睡, 睡觉；wakefulness 醒着。答案是A。 Part II Reading Comprehension(40%)

Questions 41 to 43 are based on the following passage．

41．【答案】D

【解析】题目问：在第一段里，关于巡视员，我们知道什么？第1段提到：the inspector

were likely to appear at any time.通过这句话可知，作者觉得巡视员无处不在，让人觉得害怕。据此判断，答案是D。 42．【答案】B

【解析】题目问：当与老太太的冲突发生时，发生了什么事？最后一段最后一句：In fact, I had made my decision at about the same time as the old lady hit the ground.通过这句话可知，在老太太事件发生的时候，作者就已经做了决定，那决定是什么呢，是辞职。所以，答案是D。 43．【答案】B

【解析】题目问：现在，作者对工作的态度是怎样的？第4段倒数第三句：Since it would have made headlines if a university student had been thrown off the buses for half-executing a woman of advanced years.通过这句话可知，作者对这件事深感愧疚，所以，答案是B。

Questions 44 to 46 are based on the following passage．

44．【答案】D

【解析】题目问：人类的创造力最初表现在什么方面？第一段：That compulsion has resulted in robotics—the science of conferring various human capabilities on machines.通过这句话可知，发明一些灵巧的工具来从事一些危险、乏味、繁重，或者是讨厌的工作。这样一种需求导致了机器人技术的产生，人类的创造力最初表现在赋予机器以人的各种技能的科学上。所以，答案是D。 45．【答案】C

【解析】题目问：根据文章内容，现在，制造一个什么样的机器人是在人类的能力之外的事？第3段最后一句：we can't yet give a robot enough 'common sense' to reliably interact with a dynamic world.通过这句话可知，现在，制造一个能够地对世界环境作出反应的机器人是在人类的能力之外的事。所以，答案是C。 46．【答案】D

【解析】题目问：作者用猴子的例子是为了争论什么？通过文章最后一段可知，机器人能够在很短的时间内发现机器的问题，而人脑能很快忽略不相关的信息，将注意力集中到相关的信息上来，这是先进的机器人都做不到的。所以，答案是D。

Questions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage．

47．【答案】B

【解析】题目问：根据文章内容，当局认为什么？细节题。文章第三句提到：…it is still unclear whether casual use of Ecstasy is as dangerous as authorities believe.通过这句话可知，官方认为偶尔服用MDMA是危险的。所以，答案为B。 48．【答案】D

【解析】题目问：根据文章内容，下列哪项是与死亡之间有关系的原因？文章提到：In almost all cases of MDMA…related deaths in Britain, overheating of the body…have been noted as the primary causes of death.通过这句话可知，英国科学家研究结果指出，体温过高以及体内水分不能得到足够的补充是造成死亡的主要原因。所以，答案为D。 49．【答案】A

【解析】题目问：文章隐含的意思是什么？文章提到：However, animal studies show no such damage, although it is readily admitted by researchers that animal studies are far from conclusive since humans react in different ways than rats and monkeys to the drug.通过这句话可知，动物实验并没有得出确切的结果，因为人对毒品的反应与动物对毒品的反应是不同的。所以，答案为A。 50．【答案】B

【解析】题目问：与传统药物的不同之处是什么？倒数第3句，Yet，unlike the classic addictive drugs，Ecstasy does not produce physical withdrawal symptoms.通过这句话可知，比停止使用后，并不会产生伴随戒毒的心理和生理上的反应。所以，答案是B。 51．【答案】C

【解析】题目问：根据文章内容，关于所有药物的性质，下列哪项是正确的？文章提到：While it is true that all drugs by their very nature change the way in which the body reacts to its environment and are therefore potentially dangerous.通过这句话可知，所有药的本质就是改变人体对其环境的反应方式，因此，药物是有潜在危险的。所以，答案是C。

Questions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage．

52．【答案】A

【解析】题目问：文章主旨是什么？通过文章内容可知，文章主要讲述了地球上的大气的相关信息。地球原始的大气环境是不稳定的，随着时间的推移，地球大气在不断变化。所以，答案是A。 53．【答案】D

【解析】题目问：排出的气体最终形成了以下哪些事物，哪一项不是形成之物？通过第3段内容可知，A、B、C三项都是排出的气体最终形成的东西。只有D项不符合文意。所以，答案是D。 ．【答案】C

【解析】题目问：单词“gradually”是什么意思？gradually的意思是：逐渐地。各项的意思是：quickly快速地；accidentally偶然地，意外地；by degrees逐渐地；in the end最终。所以，答案是C。 55．【答案】A

【解析】题目问：空气中的氧气停留在大气层是因为什么？第4段最后一句：The hydrogen, being lighter, probably rose and escaped into space, while the oxygen remained in the atmosphere.通过这句话可知，氢气比较轻，进入了太空，但是氧气较重就留在了大气层。所以，答案是A。 56．【答案】B

【解析】题目问：通过光解作用和植物制造氧气所必须的物质是什么？第4段的第一句：…the sun split water vapor into hydrogen and oxygen during a process called photodissociation(光解作用).第5段最后一句：…plants…in the presence of sunlight, process carbon dioxide and water to produce oxygen.通过这两句话可知，光解作用中产生氧气以及由植物产生氧气的过程中，水都是必需的。所以，答案是B。

Questions 57 to 60 are based on the following passage．

57．【答案】A

【解析】题目问：男女合校教育为儿童提供了什么？第2段第一句：A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniature.通过这句话可知，男女合校教育为孩子提供了一个缩微的真实的社会。所以，答案是A。 58．【答案】A

【解析】题目问：单词“segregated”是什么意思？ segregated的意思是：愤慨的，被隔离的。各项的意思是：separated分离的；closed靠近的；isolated孤立的；all boys or all girls所有男孩和女孩。所以，答案是A。 59．【答案】D

【解析】题目问：根据文章内容，教育的主要目的之一是什么？第一段第一句：One of the

chief functions of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult society.通过这句话可知，教育的主要目的之一是用在社会上立足所必须的东西来装备将来的公民。所以，答案是D。 60．【答案】B

【解析】题目问：为什么在男女合校的男孩和女孩对对方没有幻想？第3段第四句：Years of living together at school dismiss such illusions.通过这句话可知，在男女合校的男孩和女孩对对方没有幻想，是因为他们住在一起，彼此了解得很清楚。所以，答案是B。 Part III Translations(20%)

Section One From English to Chinese(10%) 61．【译文】有人认为好斗是一个很大的优点（比如，“一个积极肯干的商人”），可是也有人把好斗的性格看成是有精神疾病的一种症状。 【解析】本句是由while的连接并列句表示对比，相当于whereas，译作“而”、“可是”。virtue 有美德、优点之意，此处可以翻译为优点。symptomatic意为症状，在此处可以增译为(一种)症状。 62．【译文】我们可以把褒义的版本叫做有自信心的，这种行为只是增强自己的能力，并没有暗示说我们是在伤害其他人。

【解析】本句的结构是the positive version(主语) + which…(引导的定语从句修饰主语)+is acting(谓语)…without(引导伴随状语)...。翻译时，应先翻译which引导的定语，然后再翻译主句。enhance the self可以采用增译法，翻译成增强自己的能力，使行文更通顺。version指代的是aggression。词汇assertiveness是自信的意思，更确切的说此词形容的是一个结合自信，优良沟通技巧，多年的经验，良好的人际关系等等许多特质而产生出来的一种能力的总合。 63．【译文】肉食动物的捕食行为与草食动物吃草的行为类似，而与同种动物之间的争斗不同。

【解析】句子中有个比较结构：Predation in carnivorous species … more in common with…than with，这样肯定的是than 前面的内容，否定了than 后面的内容。词汇方面，predation意为捕食方式，carnivorous species意为食肉动物，grazing意为食，vegetarian species意为食草动物 ．【译文】这种资源必须是对动物的“健康”有重要意义的，也就是说，与动物个体的生存和繁殖息息相关的资源。

【解析】relevant是形容词,与to连用表示的是（与....)有关的，修饰fitness。在翻译的时候，individual and reproductive success 需要变通，不可直译，可翻译为个体的生存和繁殖。Reproductive意为生殖的。 65．【译文】如前所述，雌性动物任何的交配行为都会使自己处于危险状态之中，比如长达几个月的怀孕期之中能量的需求会增加，此时期很容易受到攻击，在生产的时候和承担哺乳责任的时候也很危险，因此为了保证自己的健康，它们在挑选配偶的时候会非常的“挑剔”。 【解析】句子主干：females have so much at stake…that …。此句用破折号连接了一个插入语，解释了so much at stake的具体内容，在翻译时可以用举例的方式翻译出来，并对列举的内容做适当的调整，以使行文通顺。词汇方面：at stake意为危险，gestation意为怀孕，susceptibility to attack 意为易受攻击的，lactation意为哺乳期，picky意为吹毛求疵的, 好挑剔的, 过分讲究的。

Section Two From Chinese to English(10%)

【译文】To Americans, punctuality is a way of showing respect for other people's time. To

outsiders, Americans seem tied to the clock. People in other cultures value relationships more than schedules. In these societies, people don't try to control time, but to experience it. People’ comprehension and experience of the cyclical change of nature come into being the accepted and adapted lifestyle to the environmental and time change. People learn to respond to the change of time and environment. As a result, they find it easier to go with the flow than Americans, who like plans to be fixed and unchangeable. 【难点解析】

(1)第一句：美国人…而对局外人…，比较长，翻译时可以拆分成两句来翻译。

(2)第三句：在这些社会中，人们并不…而是…，可以用固定句式…not…but…来翻译。 (3)人们对于…的理解，这里的理解不可翻译为understand，因为此处需要用一个名词，understand的名词形式是understandability，意为易懂，与文章要表达的意思不符，所以最好采用comprehension。

(4)成语顺其自然相对应的英语短语是go with the flow。 Part IV Writing (20%)

Sport Spirits and Virtues of Our Nation

The sport spirits is the celebration of the human spirit, body and mind, and is characterized by the following values: ethics, fair play, honesty and health. It is also the essence of Olympism. As Chinese people, we are all proud that Beijing will host the Olympic Games in 2008. Actually, it's a great chance for the world to know more about China. And it is a golden opportunity for us to show Chinese traditional virtue and spirits to the whole world.

As the host of the Olympic Games, our mass media should objectively report competition results without regard to race, religion, creed, color and national origin. They should not place too much emphasis on the political meaning of a match results. In terms of athletes, they should learn to respect and to cooperate with people from many nations during the Games. Whether they win or not, their strategy should always keep a low profile. As the audiences, we should show that Chinese are very hospitable and kind-hearted. When the foreign athletes won the game, we should congratulate them for their excellence in performance. If they lose, we should encourage them in stead of laughing at them. We also should friendly receive Japanese athletes and visitor.

One world one dream is the slogan for the Beijing 2008 Games. It reflects that Chinese people wish to build peaceful and harmonious world hand in hand with the people from the rest of the world. It also demonstrates the Chinese virtues of cooperation and teamwork.