高三复习导学案

BOOK FOUR

Unit 1 Women of achievement

韩振林

一、重点知识速记 Ⅰ.核心词汇

1. achievement n. 成就；功绩 achieve vt. 完成；达到；实现 2. welfare n. 福利；福利事业 3. project n. 项目；工程；规划 4. institute n. 学会；学院；协会

5. special adj. 特殊的；特别的 specially adv. 特别地，专门地

specialize vi. 专攻； 专门从事；专注于 specialist n. 专家；专业工作者 6. connect 连接；联想；把……联系起来 connection n. 连接；关系 7. campaign n. 运动；战役 vi. 作战；参加运动

8. organize vt. 组织；筹划；筹办；安排 organization n. 组织；机构；团体

9. behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现 behaviour/behavior n. 行为；举止；习性 10. shade n. 荫；阴凉处 vt. 遮住光线

11. worth adj. 值……钱；值得的 worthy adj. 值得……的 worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的 12. nest n. 巢；窝

13. bond n. 联系；关系；结合；纽带

14. observe vt. 观察；观测；庆祝；遵守 observation n. 观察；观测 15. childhood n. 童年；幼年时代 16. outspoken adj. 直言的；坦诚 17. respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意

18. argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵 19. entertain vt. 招待；款待；使快乐 entertainment n. 款待；娱乐；娱乐表演 20. crowd n. 人群；观众 vt. 挤满；使拥挤 crowded adj. 拥挤的 21. inspire adj. 鼓舞；激发；启示 inspiration n. 灵感；鼓舞 inspiring adj. 令人鼓舞的 inspired adj. 感到振奋人心的

22. support n. & vt. 支持；拥护

23. refer vi. (referred, referred) 谈到；查阅；参考 24. audience n. 观众；听众；读者 25. career n. 事业；生涯 26. rate n. 比率；速度

27. sick adj. 生病的 sickness n. 疾病；恶心

28. intend vt. 计划；打算 intention n. 意图；目的；打算 29. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 30. generation n. 一代；一辈

31. determine vi. 决定；下决心 determined adj. 坚决的，有决心的 determination n. 决心

32. kind adj. 善良的；友好的 kindness n. 仁慈；好意 33. consider v. 考虑；认为 considerate adj. 考虑周到的 consideration n. 考虑；体谅

34. deliver vt. 递送；生（小孩儿）；接生；发表（演说等） delivery n. 递交；传送 35. modest adj. 谦虚的；谦让的；适度的 modesty n. 谦虚；谦恭；谦让 Ⅱ.高频短语

1. move off 离开；起程；出发 2. lead/live a --- life 过着……的生活

3. crowd in （想法、问题等）涌上心头；涌入脑海

4. look down on/upon 蔑视；瞧不起 look up to 尊重；尊敬 look after 照看；照料 look forward to 期盼；盼望 look into 往里看；调查 look out (for) 当心；提防 look for 寻找 look at 看 look up 抬头看；查阅 look through 浏览；仔细查看 look on/upon --- as 把……看作…… 5. refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；涉及到 6. by chance/by accident 碰巧；凑巧

7. come across 偶然遇见；碰见 come about 发生 come up 走近，被提出 come up with 提出；想出 come out 出来；出现；开花；出版 come to 共计，某人突然想到 come true 梦想实现

8. carry on 继续；坚持 carry out 实施；执行；实行 carry off 成功地完成；赢得

9. have --- in common with sb 和某人有共同之处 in common with 和……一样 10. devote oneself to / be devoted to （to为介词） 专心于；致力于 11. fight for --- 为……而战

12. work out 计算出；解决；制订；弄清楚；锻炼身体 13. either --- or --- 或者……或者……

14. catch one’s eye / attention 吸引某人的注意力

15. care for 关心；照料；喜欢；想要 care about 在乎；介意；担心；关心 16. of one’s own 某人自己的（作后置定语） Ⅲ.经典句型

1. Watching a family of chimps wake up is our first activity of the day. （动名词作主语） 2. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.

Only when we understand their difficulties and problems, can we better understand their achievements. （only + 状语或状语从句置于句首，从句部分倒装）

3. Once I stop, it all comes crowding in and I remember the chimps in laboratories. （once 意为“一

旦……就……”，引导条件状语从句；crowding in 作伴随状语）

4. Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. （it hit /

hits sb + 从句 ，表示“某人突然想起”）

5. Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. （it was + 被强调部分+ that ---, 强调句结构） 6. I did not know the answer until one evening when I sat down at the computer to do some research on great women of China. (not --- until--) 二、重点单词、短语、句型深化与拓展 I. 重点单词深化与拓展

1. behave vt. & vi. 举动；（举止或行为）表现 behaviour/behavior n. 行为；举止；习性 【归纳拓展】behave well/badly to/towards sb. 对待某人好/差

behave oneself 守规矩；表现得体 well/badly behaved 表现好/差的 【语境助记】(1)They behaved badly to/towards the guests, which made us disappointed. (2) I want you to behave yourself while I’m away.

【题型演练】(1) The boy ___________ (behave) himself well all the way, __________ pleased his parents very much.

(2) Pay much attention to your _______________ (behave), I think you’d better behave well. 2. worthwhile adj. 值得的；值得做的

【归纳拓展】it’s worthwhile to do/doing sth. 值得做某事 be (well) worth + n. / v-ing. 值…… / （很）值得做某事 be worthy of + n. / being done 值…… / 值得做某事 be worthy to be done 值得做……

【语境助记】(1) Helping the disabled is a worthwhile activity. (2) Hangzhou is a beautiful place; it is worthwhile to go / going there.

【题型演练】(1) It is worth _____________ (consider) what makes “convenience” foods so popular, and introducing better ones of your own.

(2) Chimps’ behaviour is ___________ (worth) of being studied.

3. observe vt. 观察；观测；遵守；庆祝 observation n. 观察；观测；遵守；庆祝 【归纳拓展】observe sb do sth 观察某人做某事（全过程）

observe sb doing sth 观察某人正在做某事 observe that --- 观察…… observe the traffic rules 遵守交通规则 observe Christmas 庆祝/过圣诞节

【语境助记】(1) Readers are required to observe the rules of the library and mind their manners. (2) The woman was observed to follow him closely. (3) The police observed the man enter/entering the bank.

【题型演练】(1) Though having lived abroad for years, many Chinese still ______________ (observation) the traditional customs.

(2) He observed an insect _________ (eat) by some ants just now.

(3) I observed one strange man ___________ (stare) at me when I entered the room. 4. respect vt. & n. 尊敬；尊重；敬意

【归纳拓展】respect sb for sth 因某事而尊重某人 show/have respect for sb 尊重某人 out of respect for 出于对……的尊敬 in respect of / with respect to 关于；就……而言 in all / many respects 在各个方面/许多方面 give/send one’s respects to sb 向某人问候 【语境助记】(1) I deeply respect him for his courage.

(2) In respect of / With respect to your other suggestions, I am not yet able to tell you our decision.

【题型演练】(1) Children should _______ _______ _____ （对……尊重）their parents and teachers.

(2) Anyone, whether he is an official or a bus driver, should be equally ______________ (respect) 5. argue vt. & vi. 讨论；辩论；争论 argument n. 争论；争辩；争吵 beyond argument 无可争辩

【归纳拓展】argue for -- 为……争论/辩护 argue against 争辩；反对 argue with sb about / over / on sth 与某人争辩某事 argue sb into / out of doing sth. 说服某人做/不做某事

【语境助记】(1) Do you argue for or against the economic reform? (2) People will find it hard to argue with him about the topic.

【题型演练】(1) The specialist left angrily after a(n) _____________ (argue) with his wife. (2) He was arguing _________ his brother ______ how they should spend the money. 6. intend vt. 计划；打算 intention n. 意图；目的

【归纳拓展】intend to do sth / doing sth 打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事 intend sb / sth for 打算使……成为；想让……从事 be intended to do 是用来做……的 be intended for 专为……而设计；专供……用

had intended to do / intended to have done 本来打算做某事

【语境助记】(1) Don’t wait for an apology. Many times the person who hurt you does not intend to apologize.

(2) Liu Xiang had intended to achieve his goal in London Olympic Games, but he fell owing to the injury of his ankle.

【题型演练】(1) The book ______ __________ (intend) for parents with young children. (2) I intend you ______________ (take) over the company. II. 重点短语深化与拓展

1. look down on / upon 蔑视；轻视；瞧不起

【归纳拓展】look up to 尊敬；仰视 look forward to 盼望；期待 look into 往里看；调查；窥视 look up 抬头看；查阅 look for 寻找 look out (for) --- 注意；留意；留神（……） look through 浏览；仔细查看 look on / upon --- as --- 把……看作…… look after 照看；照料 【语境助记】(1) I look down on / upon those who always rely on others.

(2) Meanwhile, I am looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible. 【题型演练】选择look 短语适当形式填空

(1) Terry, please ________ _____ from your cellphone when Grandma is talking to you. (2) No matter how low you consider yourself, there is always someone _______ _____ ____ you,

wishing they were that high.

(3) He happened to be ________ _______ the medical book Gray’s Anatomy at the time. 2. refer to 查阅；参考；谈到；涉及到；提及

【归纳拓展】refer to --- as --- 把……称作 refer --- to --- 把……提交给……（以求获得帮助） reference n. 言及；提及；参考；查阅 in / with reference to 关于

【易混辨析】refer to 作“查阅”讲，后接词典或参考书等词；look up 作“查阅”讲，后接被查阅的内容

【语境助记】(1) When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to refer to relevant learning materials or Web pages.

(2) Don’t look up new words in a dictionary while having an exam = Don’t refer to / consult a dictionary while having an exam.

【题型演练】(1) When giving the lecture, he ___________________ (refer) his note from time to time.

(2) He _________________________（被称为）a living Lei Feng. 3. come across / run across / into / meet by chance （偶然）遇见；碰见 【归纳拓展】come about 发生 come to 谈到；涉及；共计；突然想到

come out 出现；开花；出版或发表；透漏；显出 come up 发生；出现；走近；被提出 come up with 提出或想出（答案、办法等） come on 快点儿；加油；得了吧 【语境助记】(1) I came across an old school friend in Oxford Street this morning. (2) A good idea came up at the meeting just now.

【题型演练】(1) I _______________ Mary by chance while shopping downtown yesterday. (2) It’s already 10 o’clock. I wonder how it came _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.

III. 重点句型深化与拓展

1. Only after her mother came to help her for the first few months was she allowed to begin her project.

【句型解读】本句为复合句。“only + 状语从句”置于句首，主句使用部分倒装语序，即将was提前，放在主语she之前。 “only + 状语（从句）”位于句首引起的部分倒装：only 在句首修饰作状语的副词、介词短语或从句时，句子/主句要用部分倒装语序，即把助动词、情态动词或系动词提到主语前面。 【语境助记】(1) Only then did she realize how much damage had been caused. (2) Only in this way can you learn English well. (3) Only when you have a positive attitude to life can you lead a happy life. 【关键一点】only在句首修饰状语（从句）时，主句用部分倒装，从句不到装；only修饰状语时，句子不倒装。 eg: Only socialism can save China （只有社会主义才能救中国） 【题型演练】(1) Only when Lily walked into the office _____ _____ ________ (realize) that she had left the contract at home. (2) Only by hard work ____ _____ ________ _____ ______（我们才能谋生） 2. Suddenly it hit me how difficult it was for a woman to get medical training at that time. 【句型解读】本句中第一个it是形式主语，真正的主语how引导的主语从句。“it hit(s) sb + 从句 ”意为某人突然想到；类似的结构还有： it occur(s)/(-red) to sb + 从句；it comes / came to sb + 从句；it strikes / struck sb + 从句 【语境助记】(1) It occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning. (2) It hit/struck me that Mr Li asked me to watch out for that man’s move. 【题型演练】(1) ______________________________（他没有想到） that she would refuse his invitation. (2) __________________________（我突然想起）that I forgot to go to the airport to pick up my friend. 3. Further reading made me realize that it was hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature that got her into medical school. 【句型解读】本句为强调句，被强调部分“hard work and determination as well as her gentle nature ”充当主语。强调句的结构有： 基本句式 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 It is/was +被强调部分+that/who +其他成分 Is/Was it + 被强调部分+that/who +其他成分 疑问词+is/was it +that + 其他成分 not...until 句型的强调

句

It is /was not until +被强调部分+that+ 其他成分

【语境助记】(1) It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.

(2) It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.

【关键一点】判断是否是强调句， 可采用“还原法”， 即把“It is/ was 和that/ who”去掉，如果句子各种成分完整，则是强调句，否则不是。

【题型演练】Was it because Jack came late for school __________ Mr Smith got angry. 三、语法与写作 （一）、语法

概念：主谓一致是指英语中的谓语在人称、数及意义方面要与作主语的名词或代词保持一致。 三原则：语法一致、意义一致、就近一致

1. 语法一致原则：指的是主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致。主语为单数，谓语用单数；主

语为复数，谓语也用复数。例如：

He likes watching TV while we like playing football.

2. 意义一致原则：指主语和谓语根据意思上的单、复数确定其一致关系。主语意义为复数，

谓语用复数；主语意义是单数，谓语用单数。例如： A new steel works is being built in my hometown now.

3. 就近一致原则：指当主语有两个或两个以上时，谓语动词根据靠近它的主语确定其人称和数的形式，但as well as, together with, rather than等除外。例如：

Neither the students nor the teacher is interested in it. The teacher as well as the students likes the painting. 集合名词作主语时的主谓一致

1. 通常用作复数的集合名词如：police, people, cattle等作主语时，谓语用复数。 Be calm, the police are coming.

2. 只用作单数的不可数集合名词如：clothing, poetry, baggage/luggage, furniture, scenery, jewellery, information, equipment等作主语时，其后谓语动词要用单数。 Much equipment is needed in our lab.

3. 既可以表单数又可以表复数意义的集合名词如：family, group, class, grade, team, army,

nation, crowd, population, committee 等作主语时，根据其代表的意义决定。即表示整体意义时，谓语动词用单数；表示个体意义时，谓语动词要用复数。 Our class is better than any other class at playing football in our school. His family are waiting for him to come back from abroad.