【英语】高考英语阅读理解(人生百味)练习题及答案含解析

一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类 1．阅读理解

A 3-year-old boy who was lost in the woods for two days is now safe at home with his family. But Casey Hathaway told his rescuers that he was not alone in the rainy, freezing cold woods. He said he was with a friend — a bear.

The child went missing on January 22. He was playing with friends at his grandmother's house in the southern state of North Carolina. When the other children returned home but Casey did not, the family searched the area for almost an hour before calling the police. Police formed a search and rescue team to look for the young boy in the nearby woods. But two days went by and still — no Casey.

Then on January 24, someone called the police saying he heard a child crying in the woods. Police followed up on the information and found Casey at about 9:30 that night. They pulled him out of some briar. He was in good health. Casey told the rescuers that he had hung out with a black bear for two days, a bear he called his \"friend\".

Sheriff Chip Hughes spoke with reporters from several news agencies. He said Casey did not say how he was able to survive in the woods for three days in the cold, rainy weather. However, the sheriff said, \"He did say he had a friend in the woods that was a bear that was with him.\" Hundreds of people helped in the search and rescue efforts, including some 600 volunteers, federal police and members of the military. Officer Hughes told reporters that at no point did he think Casey had been kidnapped.

His mother Brittany Hathaway talked with reporters from a local news agency and thanked everyone who joined the search for her son. \"We just want to tell everybody that we're very thankful that you took the time out to search for Casey and prayed for him, and he's good,\" said his mother. \"He is good, he is up and talking. He's already asked to watch Netflix. So, he's good …\" （1）When did Casey get lost?

A. On January 24. B. After a 911 call.

C. Before his playmates came. D. After he left his grandmother's house. （2）What can we know about the boy? A. He survived with the help of a bear. B. The rescuers rescued him from a bear. C. Someone offered key information to find him. D. He was eventually found by officer Hughes.

（3）Why did the mother say that in the last paragraph?

A. To report the detailed situation. B. To show her gratitude and relief. C. To invite everyone to watch her child. D. To appreciate searchers and the bear. （4）Where is this text most likely from?

A. A news report. B. A guidebook. C. A diary. D. An advertisement. 【答案】 （1）D （2）C

（3）B （4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，男孩凯西在离开祖母家后就失踪了。两天之后,根据得到的线索在树林里找到了凯西。凯西告诉他的救援人员在森林里的这两天他一直和一只熊在一起。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“The child went missing on January 22. He was playing with friends at his grandmother's house in the southern state of North Carolina. When the other children returned home but Casey did not”,可知这个孩子在1月22日失踪了。他正在他的祖母在北卡罗来纳州南部州的房子里玩耍。当其他孩子回家时,凯西却没有。也就是在离开祖母的房子后,凯西没有回家,失踪了。故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Then on January 24, someone called the police saying he heard a child crying in the woods. Police followed up on the information and found Casey at about 9 :30 that night. ”可知然后在1月24日,有人打电话给,说他听到一个孩子在树林里哭泣。警方跟进了该消息,并于当晚9点30分发现了凯西。所以是有人提供了关键的信息来帮助找到这个男孩。故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的\" ‘We just want to tell everybody that we're very thankful that you took the time out to search for Casey and prayed for him, and he's good, ‘ said his mother. ’ He is good, he is up and talking. He's already asked to watch Netflix. So, he's good …’\"可知男孩凯西的妈妈说:\"我们只想告诉大家,我们非常感谢您抽出宝贵的时间去搜寻凯西并为他祈祷,他的状况很好。\" \"他很好,他在说话。他已经被要求观看Netflix。所以,他很好……\从妈妈的话中可知她很感激大家的帮助,她说这些话的目的就是为了向救援人员表达自己的感激。同时她强调凯西一切都好,感到很欣慰。故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。本文讲述了一个小男孩失踪后被找到的事情,文中有具体的时间地点和各方人物,描述详细客观,结合最后一段中的 talked with reporters from a local news agency 可以推断这最有可能是一篇新闻报道。故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

A few years back I worked in a university building that also housed a department full of psychologists, all of whom seemed to see us as perfect guinea pigs(豚鼠) for their latest theories. If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, I'd cast a careful glance and ask \"Why?\" before grabbing the apple pie.

So one day, when someone from the Psychology Department posted instructions in the bathroom persuading all of us to \"Think about five things for which you're grateful every day for a week!\" my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie.

I wandered into the office of Heidi Zetzer, the director of our school's Psychological Services Clinic. \"What's with the gratitude thing?\" I asked. You don't ask an academic question－even a simple one unless you're prepared for a long answer. Heidi came alive, and I sat down. That's

when I first heard the term \"positive psychology\". The gratitude thing, as I had called it, was but one small and simple element of the practice. \"Kind of like training the brain to focus on joy,\" my friend Heidi explained. \"It's only a week,\" she urged. \"Try it.\" I did. And guess what? It worked. Every day for a week, I found five distinct things for which I was thankful. They had to be different every day. I couldn't get away with just being grateful for my wonderful husband. But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. He's a great cook. He always puts our family first. Life will never be perfect. I still see new stories that annoy me. The traffic in my city is maddening. I wish I could speed up my recovery. But with just one simple exercise, I'm rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I can't change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference. And all it took was a little gratitude.

（1）What's the author's attitude toward the student with desserts?

A. Cautious. B. Respectful. C. Indifferent. D. Supportive. （2）Why was the author doubtful about the instructions? A. Because she thought it wasn't worth the effort. B. Because she didn't like expressing thanks often. C. Because she needed to ask her friend to do it first. D. Because she could do five things every day easily.

（3）What does Collie Conoley suggest the author should do?

A. Be grateful to her wonderful husband. B. Be thankful for things but not people. C. Be a great cook and put her family first. D. Be specific about what she's thankful for. （4）What's the best title for the text?

A. Don't Be Bothered by Small Things B. We Can Change Everything If We Want C. Practicing Gratitude Changed My Life D. Being Grateful to One Good Person 【答案】 （1）A （2）A （3）D （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，在一个星期的时间里，作者坚持每天都能发现五件她特别感激的事情，而且每天都有所不同。生活永远不会完美。但通过这么一个简单的练习，作者重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别。这只需要一点感激之情。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“If an eager graduate student showed up in my office bearing desserts and asked me to pick one, I'd cast a careful glance and ask ‘Why?’ before grabbing the apple pie.”如果一个心急的研究生拿着甜点出现在我的办公室，让我挑选一种，在抓苹果派之前，我会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”可知，作者在抓苹果派之前，会仔细地看一眼，然后问“为什么?”。可知，作者对带甜点的学生持有谨慎的态度。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“my response was frankly doubtful. I did the math. Five

things a day for seven days is a lot of brainpower to expend without so much as the promise of an apple pie.”我的反应坦率地说是怀疑的。我算了算。连续7天每天做5件事，甚至连吃苹果派的承诺都没有，那就太费脑力了。可推知，作者认为对“连续7天每天做5件事”的要求充满怀疑，认为太费脑力、不值得去做。故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“But I could, suggested Collie Conoley, another positive psychologist, express my gratitude for specific aspects of a certain person each day. He's a great cook. He always puts our family first.”但是另一位积极心理学家柯利·康诺利建议道，我可以每天对一个人的某些方面表达我的感激之情。他是个很棒的厨师。他总是把我们的家庭放在第一位。可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者每天对一个人的某些方面表达感激之情。由此可知，柯利·康诺利建议作者具体说明她感激什么。故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But with just one simple exercise, I'm rediscovering the peace of that old saying: accepting the things I can't change, working without complaint to change what I can, and being wise enough to know the difference.”但通过一个简单的练习，我重新发现了那句老话的平和：接受我不能改变的事情，毫无怨言地去改变我能改变的，并且足够明智地知道两者的区别）可知，练习表达感激，改变了作者的观念和生活。由此可知选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息。并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

We talk a lot in the U.S. about success. Success is the dream and the end point. And not by coincidence the idea that hard work leads to personal success is as American as apple pie. But the reality is that sometimes we fail. And sometimes things, through no fault of our own, don't go our way. We're faced with a life-changing diagnosis (诊断), the passing of a loved one or job loss. We don't, as a society, have as much to say here.

I think uncertainty does us all harm. We'd feel better equipped to deal with uncertainty if we talked about it more. I had so fully bought into the belief that with enough effort, I could control what happened in my life. I actually caught myself thinking I could \"work my way out\" of my cancer. As it turns out, cancer doesn't really care about one's work.

We might also make wiser decisions — this isn't just a feel-good exercise. For example, technology and medicine have progressed to the point that many patients are living longer than they would have even a decade ago. These are achievements worth celebrating. And yet I wonder if the focus on success is sometimes misguided here as well. If it is one reason why we tend to pursue expensive end-of-life treatments, they often accomplish little other than to make a patient's final days painful and frightening. The fact is that, when asked, many patients would rather focus on living meaningfully in their final days.

My hope here is to make a case for thinking about meaning, in the same way we think about pursuing success. In that spirit, I've asked several people, each of whom has met misfortune, how they find meaning in their lives. The diversity in their responses reflects the fact that there are no right or wrong answers here. We each can find meaning in different things.

（1）What is the typical American idea?

A. Success is the dream. B. Success lies in hard work. C. Apple pie is the best food. D. Failure is always avoidable. （2）What does the underlined word \"it\" in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A. Equipment. B. Culture. C. Uncertainty. D. Belief. （3）In their final days many patients actually want to______. A. live as long as possible B. live a more meaningful life C. make great progress in medicine D. get expensive end-of-life treatments （4）What can we learn from the last paragraph? A. The author thinks pursuing success is wrong. B. We can benefit from some unlucky things. C. We can find the same meaning in our life. D. Personally there are different meanings in life. 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）B （4）D

【解析】【分析】短文大意：在美国人们经常谈论成功。成功是梦想，是终点。美国人认为努力工作就能获得个人成功每个人都能在不同的事物中找到意义。

（1）细节理解题。根据第一段中的And not by coincidence the idea that hard work leads to personal success is as American as apple pie.可知美国人认为努力工作就能获得个人成功。故选B。

（2）推理判断题。根据第三段中的We'd feel better equipped to deal with uncertainty if we talked about it more. 可知我们会感觉更好地准备好应对不确定性，如果我们更多地谈论它。可推断，it指代的是不确定性。故选C。

（3）细节理解题。根据第四段中的The fact is that, when asked, many patients would rather focus on living meaningfully in their final days.可知，在生命的最后几天，许多病人实际上更专注于有意义的生活，故选B。

（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段The diversity in their responses reflects the fact that there are no right or wrong answers here. We each can find meaning in different things.可知，关于人生意义的回答，没有对或错的答案，每个人都能在不同的事物中找到意义，故选D。 【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及细节理解题和推理判断题。细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。

4．阅读理解

We can achieve knowledge either actively or passively. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.

We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. We are used to passive learning, and it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers. Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor.

Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn't show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.

That's what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen to improve on it, stamping(打上标记) it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.

This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts. （1）According to the passage, what situation may passive learning occur in? A. Doing a medical experiment B. Solving a math problem C. Visiting an exhibition D. Doing scientific reasoning （2）What does the underlined word \"it\" in Paragraph 2 refers to?

A. Active learning B. Knowledge C. Communication D. Passive learning （3）Why does the author mentions the game Rumor? A. To show that a message may be changed when being passed on. B. To show that a message should be delivered in different ways. C. To show that people may have problems with their sense of hearing. D. To show that people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor. （4）What can we infer from the passage?

A. Active learning is less important. B. Passive learning may not be reliable. C. Active learning occurs more frequently. D. Passive learning is not found among scholars. 【答案】 （1）C （2）D （3）A （4）B

【解析】【分析】短文大意：本文主要主要介绍了被动获得知识所存在的一个严重的问题——被告知的可能是谣言。并用现实生活中简单的事说明。

（1）推理判断题。由文章第二段we achieve knowledge passively by being told by some else.Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV of read newspaper or magazines is passive可知被动学习是通过别人告诉获取知识，而A做实验；B解决数学问题；D做科学推理都是主动学习，故选C。

（2）推理判断题。根据it 所在句We are used to passive learning, and it's not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers可知这我们依赖的是前句所提的被动学习，故选D。

（3）推理判断题。通过第三段最后一句Typically, the original message has changed.可知人们传递信息到最后时，信息原始的意思已经改变了。和第二段最后一句话 It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor.它让我们更倾向于接受我们被告知的事物，有时候甚至是传闻或者谣言。可知文章想要告诉我们信息在传递的过程中发生了变化。故选A。

（4）推理判断题。A、C两个选项说的是主动学习，文中没有提到，D选项说被动学习在学者中不会出现，这和最后一段第一句 This process is also found among scholars and authors不符合，而根据第二段和第三段可知人们传递信息到最后时，信息的原始意思已经改变了，故得出被动学习不可靠，故选B。

【点评】考查阅读理解。本文涉及推理判断题，需要联系上下文，推断出所需要的信息，也可以利用排除法，根据文章内容，排除错误选项。

5．阅读短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

What makes a person a giver or taker? The idea \"give vs. take\" takes shape in all interactions (互动) and relationships of our lives. We're either giving advice, making time for people, or we're on the receiving end. We keep changing between the two based on different situations on a daily basis, if not an hourly one.

According to Adam Grant, a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, most people are matchers. They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so generously towards others not receive any rewards. Actually, most matchers will try hard to promote and support givers so that they can get the good they deserve.

Is there a gender factor (性别因素) that plays a part in this?

A study led by Hannah Riley Bowles, a professor at Harvard University, focused on this question. She asked 200 senior managers to sit down in pairs where one person would act as the boss and the other as an employee to discuss salary promotions. Male \"employees\" asked for an average salary of $146k while the females asked for only $141k. But why did they not bargain as hard as the men? Simply because they were more likely to be givers.

As a woman, I do enjoy the act of giving up my time, my knowledge, and my care and my attention to others. I don't expect anything in return, but I do tend to pull myself away when I feel like I'm being taken for granted. I also tend to get upset when I see a loved one's continuous actions of kindness go unnoticed. So, it's safe to say I'm 50% giver, 35% matcher and 15% taker. I do know someone, however, who is 99% giver. They're constantly devoting their time, sharing valuable insights (洞察力) and going out of their way for everyone who crosses their path. Although they're changed the lives of many people, they rarely see any of it returned. But the universe is slowly repaying them; they're now extremely successful, well known for what they do. （1）We can learn from the first paragraph that ________. A. most people think they are givers B. people are not always givers or takers C. an individual is born to be a giver or a taker D. few differences exist between givers and takers

（2）In Adam Grant's opinion, most people ________. A. hate takers B. prefer giving to taking C. enjoy relying on themselves D. balance giving and taking

（3）Hannah's study focused on ________. A. the role of giving and taking in jobs B. the gender difference in giving and taking C. the role of men and women in society D. the salary difference between women and men （4）The author tends to ________. A. think acts of kindness should be valued

B. expect something in return for giving most of the time C. take giving for granted D. be a complete matcher

（5）What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A. Giving is the shortest path to success. B. Sharing is the greatest human quality. C. No good deed goes undone. D. Givers are worth respecting. 【答案】 （1）B （2）D （3）B （4）A （5）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，大多数人在寻求给予和接受之间的平衡，但是好的行为最终都会得到回报。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“We're either giving advice, making time for people, or we're on the receiving end. We alternate between the two based on different situations we face on a daily basis, it not an hourly one.”可知，我们根据每天面对的不同情况在两者之间交替。我们有时是给予者有时是索取者。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“They make careful observations on takers and make it a point for them to pay something back. They hate to see people who act so generously towards others not receive any rewards. Actually, most matchers will try hard to promote and support givers so that they can get the good they deserve.”可知，在Adam Grant看来，大多数人在寻求给予和接受之间的平衡。故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段可知，哈佛教授调查发现女子比男子更有可能是给予者，这表明这项实验集中于人们是给予者还是接受者的性别差异，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“I also tend to get upset when I see a loved one's continuous actions of kindness go unnoticed.”可知，作者不期望任何回报，但作者会在觉得

他的善意没有受到注意的情况下感到沮丧，所以作者认为一个人的善意应该被珍惜。故选A。

（5）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“But the universe is slowly repaying them; they're now extremely successful, well known for what they do.”可知，好的行为最终都会得到回报，善有善报。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解

WISH YOU WERE MORE CREATIVE?

I want to ask you a favor. I have a pair of pants. Tell me: How many different ways can I put a pair of pants to use? Now imagine you're an architect. Same question. Now imagine you're Bill Gates. A scuba diver. A medieval knight. You still have the pants. What alternative uses come to mind?

What you just practiced--the conscious act of \"wearing\" another self-is an exercise that, according to psychiatrist SriniPillay, MD, is essential to being creative.

One great irony (讽刺) about our collective addiction to creativity is that we tend to frame it in uncreative ways. That is to say, most of us marry creativity to our concept of self: Either we're \"creative\" or we aren't, without much of a middle ground. \"I'm just not a creative person!\" a discouraged student might say in art class, while another might blame her talent at painting for her difficulties in math, making a comment \"I'm very right-brained.\"

Dr.Pillay, an assistant professor at Harvard University, has spent years overturning these ideas. He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陈词滥调的) advice that urges you to \"believe in yourself.\" In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.

He points to a study showing the impact of stereotype on one's behavior. The authors, psychologists Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar, divided their college student subjects into two groups, instructing one group to think of themselves as \"eccentric poets\" and the other to imagine they were \"rigid librarians\". The researchers then presented them all with ordinary objects, including a fork, a carrot, and a pair of pants, and asked them to come up with as many different uses as possible for each one. The former group came up with the widest range of ideas, whereas the latter had the fewest.

These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a \"product of context and perspective\". Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person. Dr. Pillay's work takes this a step further: He argues that simply identifying yourself as creative

is less powerful than taking the brave, creative step of imagining you are somebody else. This exercise, which he calls psychological Halloweenism, refers to the conscious action of \"wearing\" another self. An actor may employ this technique to get into character, but anyone can use it. According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought. Most people spend nearly half of their days in a state of \"unfocus.\" This doesn't make us lazy; it makes us human.

Imagining yourself in a new situation, or an entirely new identity, never felt so productive. You're making yourself more creative, and you're giving yourself permission to do something you'd otherwise feel guilty about.

（1）What's the function of the questions in paragraph 1? A. To lead in the topic. B. To make a comparison. C. To state an opinion. D. To ask a favor. （2）The study led by Denis Dumas and Kevin Dunbar proves

A. creativity is an individual characteristic B. librarians are more creative than poets C. ordinary objects can improve creativity D. your creativity is determined by yourself （3）According to Dr. Pillay, Halloweenism works because .

A. it is an act of unconscious focus B. certain brain areas begin to act together C. people are in a state of laziness D. all actors employ this technique （4）If you want to be more creative, you are supposed to . A. focus on a specific task B. believe in your own talent C. pretend to be someone else D. turn to be right-brained 【答案】 （1）A （2）D （3）B （4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念--心理角色扮演：遇见更有创造力的自己。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题；再根据第二段”What you just practiced--the conscious act of \"wearing\" another self--is an exercise that…is essential to being creative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的--有意识地\"穿戴\"另一个自我的行为--是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的\"创造力\"话题， 故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。根据第六段”These results suggest that creativity is not an individual characteristic but a‘product of context and perspective’. Everyone can be creative, as long as he or she feels like a creative person.“可知Denis Dumas 和Kevin Dunbar的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征，而是\"环境和视角的产物\"。每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第七段中的”According to Dr. Pillay, it works because it is an act of

conscious unfocus, a collection of brain regions that spring into action when you're not focused on a specific task or thought.“可知据皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就起作用。这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的”He believes that the key to unlocking your creative potential is to challenge the stereotyped (陈词滥调的) advice that urges you to ‘believe in yourself.’ In fact, you should do the opposite: Believe you are someone else.“可知想象自己处在一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造力。由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一个人。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解

If you live in a place where most people speak the language you are learning, you may use the language for several hours each day. So it may become part of your \"inner speech.\" In other words, you start thinking in that language. Your mind stops trying to translate things from your native language into the second language. But most of the English learners live in places where English is not the main language. This may be true for you. You may not have many chances to practice English. You may even be self-taught.

Thinking in English really helps! It is not very difficult, but it does need practice. Here we will share some mental exercises. A good first step is to think in words. Look around you. What do you see? In your head, try to name each object in your surroundings. Charles Thomas has taught English for over 10 years. He tells his students to name the things that they see around them, wherever they are.

Another exercise Thomas suggest is describing in your mind objects you don't know the words for. An example would be if you couldn't think of the word \"garage\". Thomas says, \"If you're looking at your house and you see your garage, but you can't think of the name in English. You can say, 'The place inside where I put my car' or you can say, 'It's next to my house. I keep things there.'\"

The next exercise is thinking in simple sentences. For example, if you are sitting in a park, you can tell yourself things like, \"It's such a beautiful day\" and \"People are playing sports with their friends.\" You can also describe your daily activities. Thomas asks his students to describe their day using the simple present verb form. So, they would think to themselves things like, \"I put on my shirt\" and \"He drives the bus.\"

How much time should you spend on these exercises? Thomas says you do a little every day. \"When you make things a habit, then it just pops up into your mind without thinking and then, before you know it, really, you're thinking in English.\"

（1）When a second language becomes part of your \"inner speech\ A.most people around you speak the language B.you start thinking in the language

C.you translate things from your native language into it D.you learn the language by yourself

（2）\"The place inside where I put my car\" is an example for ________ A.naming objects in your surroundings B.thinking in simple sentences

C.describing objects you don't know the words for D.describing your daily activities

（3）Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A.Spend your time on exercises B.Teach yourself a second language C.Train your brain to think in English D.Practice English wherever you are 【答案】 （1）B （2）C （3）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在语言环境中学习语言的重要性，并给出了具体的学习方法。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中“So it may become part of your ‘inner speech.’ In other words, you start thinking in that language. ”可知，当第二种语言成为你“内在语言”的一部分时，你就会开始用这种语言思考。故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Another exercise Thomas suggest is describing in your mind objects you don't know the words for. ”可知，此句是总述句，因此“The place inside where I put my car”“我停车的地方”是用来支撑总述句“托马斯建议描述你的头脑中一些你不知道的东西”的例子。故选C。

（3）考查主旨大意。纵观全文全文可知，在一个大多数人都说你正在学习的语言的地方，你可以每天使用这种语言几个小时，然而大多数人不具备这样的条件，全文为这类人提供了具体的学习方法，目的要达到用这种语言进行思考。故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解

Robots have taken over many of America's factories. But can they pick a strawberry? \"It's really hard for robots to match what humans can do,\" says Bob Pizter, an expert on robots.

Any 4-year-old kid can pick a strawberry, but machines can't seem to figure it out. Pizter says the hardest thing for them is finding the fruit. Pizter's strawberry-picking robot is rolling into a strawberry field. This well-designed device drives itself. It's as big as a bus, long enough to straddle (跨越) a dozen rows of strawberries at once. Powerful computers are sitting on top. Underneath, there are high-definition cameras to find the berries, and robotic claws ready to pick them.

\"Nobody's telling it what to do,\" explains Paul Bissett, the chief operating officer of Harvest CROO Robotics. \"It's remembering its path down the row. It's remembering where all these plants are.\" It knows all this, thanks to the super-accurate GPS. Its computer brain contains a map showing the locations of every strawberry plant in the field. The action of machinery is truly impressive, but the baskets are still practically empty. Pitzer says the robots are able to find and pick more than 50 percent of ripe berries. That's not yet up to human standards. A typical worker, he says, manages to pick anywhere from 60 to 90 percent of the berries. Also, he admits, the machine is slower than human hands. On the other hand, it has some advantages. It can work right through the night. Two years later, he says, this machine will be in the fields working for real. \"There are weaknesses to work out, but it's getting there. We're close.\" he says.

Strawberry companies are putting millions of dollars into this project. The reason, Gary Wishnatzki, the owner of Wish Farms says, is that it's getting more and more difficult to find enough people to pick his berries. \"The fact of the matter is, if we don't solve the problem of this labor shortage with automation, the industry is facing a big challenge ahead. The price of fruit is going to be much higher,\" Jose Santos, the leader of the farm, says.

Jose is pretty convinced, though, that picking strawberries will always require people. The machines will break down, he points out. In fact, he's looking on the bright side. \"You could afford to give people a day off if you have machines behind you,”\" he says.

（1）According to the passage, the strawberry-picking robot __________. A.can work extra hours

B.relies on GPS only to find berries C.runs on petrol just like a bus D.picks both ripe and unripe berries

（2）What do people mentioned in the passage think of the strawberry-picking robot? A.It will lead to the price of strawberries rising. B.It keeps human workers working through night. C.It is not very efficient at the moment but promising. D.It will completely take the place of human workers. （3）We know from the article that __________. A.robots have been widely used in farming

B.it seems hard for robots to exactly locate strawberries now C.robots can surely perform any work better than human workers D.with the help of robots, strawberry companies have already earned much （4）What does the passage mainly talk about? A.The working principle of strawberry-picking robots. B.Farmers' expectations for strawberry-picking robots. C.The present state of strawberry-picking robots.

D.The differences between humans and strawberry-picking robots. 【答案】 （1）A （2）C （3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了摘草莓机器人的目前的优点和缺点：效率不高，但可以长时间工作，其缺点也可以改进。未来需求大，前景广阔。

（1）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It can work right through the night.”可知，机器人可以整夜工作。故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“Pitzer says the robots are able to find and pick more than 50 percent of ripe berries. That's not yet up to human standards. A typical worker, he says, manages to pick anywhere from 60 to 90 percent of the berries. Also, he admits, the machine is slower than human hands.”可知，摘草莓的机器人比人手慢，没有达到人类采摘草莓的标准。由此可以推知，它效率不高；以及“On the other hand, it has some advantages. It can work right through the night. Two years later, he says, this machine will be in the fields working for real. ‘There are weaknesses to work out, but it's getting there. We're close.’ he says.”可知，这种机器人有弱点需要克服，但这些弱点很快就会被克服。这种机器人非常有前景。两年之后，就会被投入使用。我们离此目标不远了。可推知选C。

（3）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“‘It's remembering its path down the row. It's remembering where all these plants are.’ It knows all this, thanks to the super-accurate GPS. Its computer brain contains a map showing the locations of every strawberry plant in the field. The action of machinery is truly impressive, but the baskets are still practically empty. Pitzer says the robots are able to find and pick more than 50 percent of ripe berries. That's not yet up to human standards.”由于超级精确的GPS，机器人知道所有草莓的位置。机器的作用确实令人印象深刻，但篮子实际上仍然是空的。Pitzer说，机器人能够发现和采摘超过50%的成熟浆果。这还没有达到人类的标准。由此推知，虽然机器人配备有精确的GPS，但实际上，它们并不能精确地定位草莓的位置，从而导致采摘率不高。故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。第一段直接了当的提出：机器人真的很难达到人类采摘草莓的水平。第二段和第三段主要介绍了草莓采摘机器人的特点和优缺点（效率不高，但可以长时间工作）。最后两段对草莓采摘机器人前景的展望（未来需求大，前景广阔）。故选C。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

9．阅读理解

When I was about halfway between twenty and thirty, I lived in a large, run-down house that other people thought was romantic. The door to my bedroom was at least twelve feet tall. So I fixed a coatrack(衣帽架) over the top, and whenever I needed to get a jacket, or a towel, I stood on my desk chair to get them, swinging uncertainly.

There were six of us in the house. We were all about the same age. Two boys lived on the top floor and three lived in the basement. As the only girl, I was aware of being surrounded by shirtless boys, which is embarrassing especially in summer.

One hot afternoon, I wrote a long e-mail to my high-school English teacher, because I remembered him as handsome in a remote way. He wore expensive clothes and took an

understated pleasure in saying inspiring things. I calculated that the English teacher was about forty, and then I pressed Send. The e-mail covered a lot of ground. I summarized what I called \"my college experience\". Toward the end of the e-mail, I found myself saying that I couldn't understand why I still needed to struggle in my college life.

When the English teacher wrote back, I was unexpected. In his response to my e-mail, he mentioned some stories about those who dropped out of school and their lives were hard for me to imagine.

With tears in my eyes, I decided to keep on trying even if I was not in a famous university. I believe as long as I am determined enough, I can make my life better in the future. （1）According to the passage, what does the writer think of her living environment? A.Inconvenient. B.Romantic. C.Funny. D.Boring.

（2）What can we infer from the passage? A.The children were of complete different age. B.Her teacher has a positive influence on her.

C.There are some boys and girls sharing the room together.

D.The author wrote an email to her English teacher as he was handsome. （3）Which of the following words can best describe the author's teacher? A.Humorous and handsome. B.Serious and knowledgeable. C.Outgoing and respected D.Caring and courageous

（4）What does the author want to share in the article? A.Communication is the key to success.

B.When we are trapped in difficulty, we can ask others for help. C.We are supposed to be admitted to a famous university. D.As long as we have determination, we can make it one day. 【答案】 （1）A （2）B （3）D （4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了自己上大学期间感到迷茫，给老师发邮件，经老师的点拨指导决定下定决心，努力前行的故事。

（1）考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“As the only girl, I was aware of being surrounded by shirtless boys, which is embarrassing especially in summer.”可知作者跟其他的5个同龄男孩租住在同一个房子里，所以很尴尬，故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。根据最后一段“With tears in my eyes, I decided to keep on trying even if I was not in a famous university. I believe as long as I am determined enough, I can make my life better in the future.”可知作者读了老师的回信以后决定继续努力，所以可以推测老师对作者

有积极的影响，故选B。

（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的“In his response to my e-mail, he mentioned some stories about those who dropped out of school and their lives were hard for me to imagine.”可知老师关心作者，给作者讲了很多故事，从而鼓励作者要有决心，继续努力，故选D。 （4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段“With tears in my eyes, I decided to keep on trying even if I was not in a famous university. I believe as long as I am determined enough, I can make my life better in the future.”可知作者通过这篇文章想要告诉我们即使目前的处境不好，只要有决心并且努力，就一定能成功，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

10．阅读理解

Guess what former Australian Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and United States president Donald Trump's granddaughter, Arabella Kushner, have in common? They both study Chinese as a second language.

Although Chinese is known as one of the hardest languages to learn, a lot of people from different backgrounds are studying it with hopes of big benefits.

Nov 2 saw more than 120 people, coming from 105 countries, compete in the finals of the 12th \"Chinese Bridge\" Chinese Proficiency Competition for foreign secondary school students. Held in Zhengzhou, Henan province, the finals was mainly made up of speech contests and talent shows. The contestants also visited the Shaolin Temple, Longmen Grottoes and other historical sites in Henan.

While reasons for learning Chinese were different, a common one was interest in the country's rich culture and rapid development.

Raissa, 17, from the Union of the Comoros, developed a strong emotional connection with China after her grandmother was cured by doctors of the Chinese medical team in Africa three years ago. This led her to learn Chinese at a local Confucius Institute.

Fascinated by Chinese culture, the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China. \"My dream is to study medicine in China so that I could cure patients like the Chinese doctors did,\" she said.

For Fekete Marcell Zoltan, 17, from the Hungarian-Chinese Bilingual School, studying Chinese may secure him a future job as a Hungarian diplomat(外交官) to China. \"After graduation from high school, I would like to further my studies in China,\" he said.

Robert Davis, director of the Chinese-language program in Chicago's public school system, may give you a hint. \"Chinese isn't the new French. It's the new English, which is widely used all over the world.\" he told CGTN.

（1）Why are Mark Zuckerberg and Arabella Kushner mentioned in paragraph one? A.To show Chinese is popular. B.To introduce them to the readers. C.To tell the readers they love China. D.To stress the importance of learning Chinese.

（2）The underlined word Fascinated in paragraph 6 can be replaced by ______. A.Attracted B.Employed C.Inspected D.Appreciated

（3）What is the common reason for the competitors to learn Chinese? A.It's easy to learn.

B.They want to become a doctor.

C.They hope for a good job after graduation.

D.They have interest in Chinese culture and rapid development. （4）What is Robert Davis' attitude to learning Chinese? A.Doubtful. B.Supportive. C.Indifferent. D.Upset. 【答案】 （1）A （2）A （3）D （4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了汉语变得越来越受欢迎这一现象。 （1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“They both study Chinese as a second language.”以及上文可知，前澳大利亚的首相Kevin Rudd, 脸谱 CEO Mark Zuckerberg and 川普的孙女 Arabella Kushner,是为了突出他们都在学汉语，从而表明汉语很流行，所以选A。

（2）考查词义猜测。根据第六段中的“Fascinated by Chinese culture, the competitor has taken part in activities on traditional Chinese medicine and folk arts during her first trip to China.”可知是由于被中国文化吸引，参赛者参加各种有关中医以及民间艺术的活动，所以fascinated表示吸引，故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。根据第四段“While reasons for learning Chinese were different, a common one was interest in the country's rich culture and rapid development.” 可知这些参赛者们学习汉语的共同原因是他们对中国文化和发展感兴趣，所以选D。

（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“Chinese isn't the new French. It's the new English, which is widely used all over the world.” 可知他认为汉语将会像英语一样在全世界广泛应用，所以他对学习汉语的态度是支持的，所以选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。