一、①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态 主动语态表示是动作的执行者 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者
Cats eat fish. （主动语态）猫吃鱼。
Fish is eaten by cats. (被动语态)鱼被猫吃。 ②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。 1.一般现在时的被动语态：
They speak English. → English is spoken (by people) 2.一般过去时的被动语态：
He watered the flowers just now . → The flowers were watered (him )just now . 3.一般将来时的被动语态：
We will clean the classroom. → The classroom will be cleaned (by us ) . 4.现在进行时的被动语态：
Tom is picking apples . → Apples are being picking by Tom 5.现在完成时的被动语态：
The workers have built a house. → A house has been built by the workers . 6.情态动词的被动语态：
You should look after him well . → He should be looked after well . 二．含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态变为被动语态时有两种情况： 1、通常把间接宾语的变为被动语态的主语，直接宾语仍保留在原位置。 Tom gave me a bike last year . →I was given a bike by Tom last year .
My father bought me a shirt yesterday . → I was bought a shirt by my father yesterday . 2、把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，则要在间接宾语前加上介词to (make 制造，buy 变为被动时常用for )。
Tom gave me a bike last year . → A bike was given to me by Tom last year . My father bought me a shirt yesterday . → A shirt was bought for me yesterday . 三、动词短语变为被动语态时不能漏掉其中的介词或副词。
You must listen to the teacher carefullly in class .→The teacher must be listened to carefully in class.
四、主动语态中有些动词 ，如：make ，have，let，see，watch，hear等后面常跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，但变为被动语态时要加to 。
We often hear the boy sing in the next room . → The boy is often heard to sing in the next room. 四．注意事项：
1.不及物动词是没有被动语态：happen ,take place ,appear , hold (容纳)
2.系动词是没有被动语态： Look, feel ,sound ,smell ,taste ….如：The dish tastes good . 3.有些词组没有被动语态：sell well , write well ,ride well 如：This kind of skirt sells well.
4.need表示需要时，后面常接doing 形式表示被动意义，相当于to be done . All the computers need repairing .=All the computers need to be repaired . 练习： 将下列各句改为被动语态 1.He read the letter to all his friends.
2.I don’tgive him my books.
3.He handed me the magazine.
4. She bought her brother a dictionary.
5. We must choose some books for your brother.
6. They named him “hero”
7. They found the place was a wonderful village.
8．The teacher is keeping the pupils at school for a revision.
9. You must finish the article before Friday.
10. They will paint the house again next year.
11. They gave Mary a new doll for her birthday.
12. I have told the children many times not to play here .
13. We had to repair our TV set.
14．They showed me the room where they lived.
15．They make machines in that factory
16 Everybody likes this song
17 . People don't grow rice in the west of japan
18．He often helps Tom when Tom is in trouble
19. People speak English in many countries.
English _____ ______ _____ _______in many countries. 20. We built this bridge last year.
This bridge _______ _______ _______ ______ last year. 21. The tiger in the zoo frightened the little girl. The girl ________ _______ by the tiger in the zoo. 22. Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party.
You _______ _______ _______ _______ _______ ________ to a lunch party. 23. You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.
These magazines _______ ______ ______ ______ _______ the reading-room. 24. We will discuss the problem at tomorrow's meeting. The problem _______ _______ _______ by us at tomorrow.
改正下列句子1. This house built 100 years ago. _____________________________
2. Football plays in most countries of the world. __________________ 3. Where are you born? ____________________
把下列句子变成主动语态
1.Spanish is spoken (by people ) in South America. 3. All the words must be looked up (by us ) in a dictionary. 单项选择
1.-Do you often clean your classroom? -Yes.Our classroom ______ every day.
A. clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning 2. A story. _____by Granny yesterday.
A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us 3.If I _____wings like a bird,I______be able to fly in the sky. A. have;should B.had;would C.would have;will D.had;can 4.-Did you go to Jack’s birthday party? —No,I______.
A. am not invited B.wasn’t invited C.haven’t invited D.didn’t invite 5.—Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack? —When your homework_____,you can. A. is done B.was don e C.does D.did 6.Twenty-year-olds should not______to drive in China. A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed. 7. I asked him what_____.
A.would happen B.had happened C.happened D.was happened. 8．The book Business@the Speed of Thought _____in 1999. A.writes B.is written C.wrote D.was written.
9．Trees and flowers___every year to make our country more beautiful. A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted. 10.The monkey was seen____out of the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump 11．The earth is our home.It _____well.
A.must be protected B.should protect C.need protect D.should protected.
12．In recent years,many children are made _____what they are not_____. A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested D.do;interested. 13．_____a new library____in our school last year? A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;built D.Did;built. 14．An accident_______on this road last week.
A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened. 15．Rice _______in the south of China.
A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow. 16.So far, the moon_____by man already.
A. is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited. 17. How many trees _____this year?
A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted. 18.Lot of things _____by people to save the little girl now.
A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done. 19.Neither of them _____in China
A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made. 20.Look!A nice picture______for our teacher.
A..is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws. 21.The doctor_____for yet.
A.isn’t sent B.hasn’t been sent C.won’t be sent D.wasn’t sent. 22.—When _____this kind of computer_____? —Last year. A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used 23.The Great Wall____about all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known. 24.He says that Mr Zhang______to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent. 25.Who _____this book_____?
A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written 词汇或短语辨析： 1、
be able to，can 能够
be able to 有多种时态变化。
can 只有一一般现在时和一般过去时 （即can 和could 两种形式 2、 above，over，on 在……的上面
above 在……泛指上方（与物体表面不接触） over 在……正上方（与物体表面不接触） on 在……上面（与物体表面接触） 3、across，through，cross 穿过
across 介词 ，横穿（在某个平面）He is walking across the street. through 介词，（从空间穿过）The thief got in through the window. cross 动词 （在某个平面）The boys cross the road .
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