2. Compare the words in the box with what you have listed above and make sure that you’ve studied all of them.
Test yourself: complete the following sentences with one word chosen from the box in its proper form.
1. We have our own lives to live, and we can't let something like this interfere with our lives. 2. \"It seems that a two-round election is inevitable, but I would like to say this is a one-round election - the first round will determine who will be president.\" he said.
3. When we experience extreme emotions it can put us off balance and lead to some unintended behavior and consequences.
4. Awareness of the problem is the first step toward the solution. 5. But risks must be taken because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing. 6. When he regained consciousness he was disoriented and not sure how he had gotten there. 7. When it works, it can be fantastic, but can very easily backfire into a nightmare of the most serious proportions.
8. First, time -- if you have enough of it -- can heal wounds. 9. If there are no problems at the point of entry, the officer will authorize you to enter Canada as
a permanent resident. 10. Everyone has a story that is unique to them, but not everyone has the opportunity to tell their story to the world. I.
Word formation 2. Compounding
A Compound is a word formed by stringing together older words, like the formation of earthquake from earth and quake.
Study the following italicized words in the text and write down the correct meaning of these words in English:
1. In terms of copyright, another bone of contention, we only show a headline and a couple of
lines from each story.
the heading or caption of a newspaper article
2. Wanting to get a girlfriend is fine, but expressing this early on will only backfire.
come back to the originator of an action with an undesired effect
3. Perhaps boys are simply more costly to raise than girls, and would thus overtax the resources of a lone parent.
tax excessively
4. I’ve been in the fortunate position of watching a lot of people undergo career transitions during the past several years, myself included.
go through (mental or physical states or experiences)
5. You should also have long-term goals, not only for your business but for your own career.
relating to or extending over a relatively long time 2. Prefix
Complete the following table: Original word Prefix Meaning of the affix is added to some words to New word Meaning of NW incapable of being avoided prevented get lost, as without warning explanation or or evitable in- form words with the inevtable opposite meaning. is added to some words that describe processes, qualities, or states, in appear dis- order to form words disappear describing the opposite processes, qualities, or states. is added to the beginning of adjectives, adverbs, not deliberate intended un- and nouns, in order to unintended form words that have the opposite meaning. an is used to form words that consisting of short indicate that something scenes from a advertisement view pre- takes place before a preview particular date, period, or event. motion picture that will appear in the near future characteristic of a lack of maturity is added to words that mature im- begin with \"m,\" \"p,\" or \"b\" immature to form words with the opposite meaning. is used to form adjectives and nouns that describe someone or something terrorism anti- that is opposed to a antiterrorism particular system, practice, or group of people.
II. Language in use Attributive Clauses
4. Join each pair of the following sentences after the model. Model: Concussion in children is a serious problem. The problem deserves more attention.
---------Concussion in children is a serious problem that deserves more attention. 1. It rained hard yesterday.
The rain prevented me from going to the park.
It raind hard yesterday, which prevented me from going to the park. 2. This is a critical problem.
The problem needs to be solved immediately.
This is a crictical problem which needs to be solved immediately. 3. This is a dictionary. I want to find a dictionary.
This is a dictionary that I want to find. 4. The man is a fool. The man lives next to us.
The man who lives next to us is a fool. 5. You must buy me the house. The house is near Xiangshan.
You must buy me the house which is near Xiangshan.
2. Fill in the blanks with the words “that, which, who, whom”. 1. We can see the boys whom the teacher is talking with are quite happy. 2. This machine which I have looked after for years is still working perfectly. 3. The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect. 4. Alice received an invitation from her boss，which came as a surprise. 5. Can you lend me the dictionary that you talked about the other day? Content Questions:
1. Although nicotine is probably the well－known chemical in cigarettes， it is not necessarily the one that changes the psyche of the smoker when cigarettes are smoked. N
2. In spite of the difficulties， according to the text more than thirty－five million people a year give up smoking. N
3. It has been shown that nicotine in cigarettes can improve people’s abilities to perform some actions more quickly.Y
4. Added ammonia in cigarettes allows smokers to inhale more nicotine.Y 5. Snorted substances reach the brain faster than injected substances.NG 6. Nicotine dilates the blood vessels that carry it around the body.NG
7. Nicotine molecules allow greater electrical charges to pass between neurons.Y Questions 8 － 10
8. Cigarette companies would have to cut the nicotine content in cigarettes by 95% to prevent them from being addictive.
9. According to the passage， a cigarette can raise a smoker’s heart rate by 10-20 beats a minute. 10. In order to transmit nerve impulses to its neighbor，a neurone sends chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters.
Fill in the gaps with words chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. I really hope to reach an agreement with you today that is suitable and beneficial for us both. 2. We know the constitution of mineral through chemical analysis. 3. The weakness of Human nature and social relationships all insinuate some human limitation. 4. Any substance is made of atom. Whether it is solid, liquid or gas. 5. Conventional radio of this sort cannot, unfortunately, transmit video or web pages. 6. As the Arctic warms it could release billions of tons of carbon into the atmosphere. 7. But some professors say they have significantly changed their teaching practices to
accommodate the students. 8. They have warned the world to expect more frequent and intense extreme weather events,
and this is what we are seeing.
9. I felt glad that I was now a giver of pleasure, not merely a passive recipient. 10. With access to treatment, AIDS have moved from what was effectively a death sentence to a chronic disease.
text B
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese:
1. Breaking nicotine addiction is not easy. Each year, nearly 35 million people make a concerted
effort to quit smoking. Sadly, less than 7 percent succeed in abstaining for more than a year; most start smoking again within days. So what is nicotine and how does it insinuate itself into the smoker’s brain and very being？
戒除尼古丁不是件容易的事。每年都有3500万人下定决心努力戒烟，但可悲的是，只有不到7%的人能成功地戒烟一年以上，大多数人在戒烟最初的几天就会放弃。那么，尼古丁一开始是如何悄悄地对烟民的大脑产生影响呢？
2. Scientists have found that a smoked substance reaches the brain more quickly than one
swallowed snorted （such as cocaine powder） or even injected. Indeed， a nicotine molecule inhaled in smoke will reach the brain within 10 seconds. The nicotine travels through blood vessels， which branch out into capillaries within the brain.
科学家发现，吸烟时香烟中的物质到达大脑的速度要比直接吸食（如可卡因粉末）甚至注射更快。事实上，吸烟时尼古丁颗粒在十秒内就会到达大脑。尼古丁是通过血管分送到大脑内的毛细血管进行传输的。
3. As simple as it looks， the cigarette is highly engineered nicotine delivery device. For
instance， when tobacco researchers found that much of the nicotine in a cigarette wasn’t released when burned but rather remained chemically bound within the tobacco leaf， they began adding substances such as ammonia to cigarette tobacco to release more nicotine. 和我们看到的一样简单，香烟就是一台高端设计的尼古丁传输设备。比方说，当烟草研制者发现香烟中的大部分尼古丁在燃烧时不能释放，同时又要保留烟叶里固定的化学成分，他们便开始在香烟中加入氨之类的物质以释放更多的尼古丁。
text C
Content Questions:
Choose the best answer for each of the following and complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
1. An adult needs about 12,000kJ of energy a day from B . A. the cell B. the respiring process of carbohydrates C. fats in the cell D. a balanced diet
2. Carbohydrates are ultimately absorbed into cells in the process of A. A. digestion B. respiration C. oxidization D. mobilization
3. The Essential Amino Acids which build part of proteins can be obtained from D. A. stomach B. body tissues C. the body D. the diet
4. The ultimate cause of kwashiorkor is lack of A . A. protein B. carbohydrates C. vitamins D. diet
5. Vitamins are called ―micronutrients‖ in that B .
A. excessive fat soluble vitamins can be excreted in the urine B. the body only requires small amount of vitamins
C. a dose of 3300mg of vitamins can be considered toxic D. the high concentrations of water soluble vitamins are toxic
6. Night blindness is a disease normally caused by lack of C . A. fat soluble vitamins B. water soluble vitamins
C. vitamin A D. innate disability
7. The main function of vitamin D is to prevent adults from C . A. the growth of strong bones B. fracture
C. a progressive softening of the bones D. calcium uptake from the gut
8. Although the human body produces vitamin D normally, it fails to do so if there is not enough sunlight. 9. The reason why vitamin C is seen as an antioxidant is that it drives toxins out of the body.
10. If you are in lack of B group vitamins, you should turn to liver, yeast and dairy products. Fill in the gaps with words given in the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. Each day, I must ingest at least 500 calories, 6 oz of chocolate, 10 oz of sugar, and 8 oz of fat. 2. However, my interest is refined in software for engineering and manufacturing. 3. Her face is disfigured with the scar. 4. We must synthesize all available resources. 5. What important dream have you yet to realize and fulfill? 6. It often takes a long time to digest new ideas. 7. Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts. 8. We start with a lot of visitors, and convert a small few of them into customers.
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Vitamin D is made by the body when exposed to sunlight and is stored in the muscles, however, if the skin is rarely exposed to the sunlight or is dark little vitamin D is produced. Foods such as eggs and oily fish are all rich in vitamin D.
然而，维生素D是在身体暴露在阳光下后产生并储存在肌肉中的。如果很少暴露在阳光下，或者光线很暗时，维生素D的生成是很少的。鸡蛋和油性鱼类都富含维生素D。
2. A balanced diet is one that provides an adequate intake of energy and nutrients for maintenance of the body and therefore good health. A diet can easily be adequate for normal bodily functioning, yet may not be a balanced diet.
均衡饮食是指那种可以为保持身体健康提供充分能量和营养摄入的饮食。只能够维持普通身体机能的饮食并不算是均衡饮食。
Unit 2 Biology Text A
1. If the bling in question is a family heirloom or if your ex blatantly asks for it back, then you
should definitely return it -- keeping it will just create drama, which will complicate the breakup and make it harder to move forward.
2. They can be quite cryptic, but are worth learning because of the inherent power they give you for text processing.
3. He says they are part of the genome of the last common ancestor of all birds, frogs,
dinosaurs and mammals.
4. Last year, a study in the medical journal Neurology found smoking to be an established risk
factor in developing the disease. 5. But sometimes Western students have got more initiative to develop their own different way of thinking.
6. The project will help people understand the many threats to the natural environments where
endangered plants and animals live. 7. He saw outsider artwork as being free from the worries of competition and social acceptance
that define the official art world. 8. He is the head of the aquatic biology department at the California Academy of Sciences. 9. Some, like the smallpox vaccine on one exposure generates a very high response that lasts
for many years so you don't need a boost. 10. Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools. 11. Peterson says an early childhood education class got her thinking about ways to incorporate more activity into their school day.
12. These systems are dispersed throughout your body and their dispersal is important. 13. He is cataloguing his photographic negatives. 14. This means that a file system would serve as a reasonable substrate for a synchronization database.
15. The Conservative's coalition partners, the Liberal Democrats, are demanding that any cut in
the top income tax rate be offset by measures to hit the wealthy some other way, perhaps through a \" mansion tax \" on expensive homes or a reduction in tax relief on pensions.
16. The relationship between state and society in the real world will inevitably be projected to the internet society.
17. Their tanks would be vulnerable to attack from the air. 18. And that would often actually the right answer to take, is to not just compromise among your
advisers, but use your own principles to make a decision.
19. The EU leaders will also tackle another highly controversial issue how to share the costs of
paying for developing nations to adapt to climate change.
20. Can the company reimburse me for my professional travel?
Word Formation Ⅰ.Compound:
Study the following italicized words in the text and write down the correcting meaning of these words in English:
1. Under the IPCC's business-as-usual climate scenario, 79% of ESUs included in the study are
projected to become extinct by 2080; for a reduced-emissions scenario this fell to 59%. business-as-usual: services as usual; all systems go
reduced-emissions: emissions made less in size or amount or degree
2. If researchers can figure out how to factor in dispersal capacity — an attribute often not
well-defined for individual species — the potential impact on genetic diversity becomes a lot more applicable. well-defined: accurately stated or described
3. This study highlights the huge potential of DNA-sequencing initiatives to reveal high levels
of cryptic diversity, of utmost importance to informed conservation decision making. DNA-sequencing: the procedure of determining the order of base pairs in a section of DNA 4. Through our work to determine climate-adaptation strategies, we realize that genetics is one way to get an overall better view of how species are affected by climate change. climate-adaptation: the process of adapting to the general weather conditions
Complete each sentence with a suitable COMPOUND WORD from the list. Use the correct word form in each case. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
The maiden voyage of the newly-built steamship was a success. Everyone thinks she is an obedient and well-behaved child. An impassioned patriotic song reminded the old general of those war- ridden years. He invested in tax-free municipals. It about a newly wealthy black family that moved into a New York City high-rise with mostly white neighbors.
6. Going without sleep for a long time makes me feel dizzy and light-headed. 7. Mary was panic-striken; you could feel the quiver in her voice. 8. New legislation is to be introduced to help single-parent families. 9. Ford is in the midst of an ambitious strategy to reinvent itself as the automobile industry’s
most social and consumer-conscious forces. 10. This trend has been greatly helped by the far larger numbers of native-born or acculturated Asian American men who have moved into respected positions in business, government, academia and the media. Ⅱ.Derivation
Derivation is the process of forming new words from existing ones by adding affixes to them, like shame + less + ness → shamelessness. prefix/affix meaning of affix/prefix them(o)- inter- en- heat between, among make or become the examples thermal intergovernmental endanger meaning of New Word relating to or associated with heat conducted between or involving two or more governments pose a threat to; present a danger to bio- relating to biology biodiversity the diversity of plant and animal life in a particular habitat (or in the world as a whole) the act of judging or assessing a person or situation or event a biologist who specializes in the classification of organisms into groups on the basis of their structure and origin and behavior -able that may or must be, applicable tending to capable of being applied; having relevance -ment -ist state, action, etc. member of an occupation, party, etc. assessment taxonomist Language in Use Prepositional Verbs
Identify the prepositional verbs in the following sentences and figure out their meanings.
1. This lost evolutionary potential could hinder species' ability to adapt to change.
adapt to: accommodate to
2. Under the IPCC's business-as-usual climate scenario, 79% of ESUs included in the study are
projected to become extinct by 2080.
be projected to: be planned or expected
3. If researchers can figure out how to factor in dispersal capacity — an attribute often not
well-defined for individual species — the potential impact on genetic diversity becomes a lot more applicable. factor in: resolve into factors
4. This allowed the authors to divide each species into a number of evolutionary significant units
(ESUs) — the technical term for a population within a species that is genetically distinct from the rest of its kind.
divide into: separate into parts or portions
5. The government needs to put across the message that the economy is starting to recover.
put across: succeed in describing or explaining
Choose the correct preposition to complete the verb + preposition combination used in the question. Each question has only one correct answer. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I like to pride myself on my ability to concentrate. The unrest results from our politicians lack of seriousness about the situation. Mark dreams about becoming a ballet dancer. I assume that you are acquainted with this subject since you are responsible for writing the accompanying materials.
We do not approve of such trivial questions and are not willing to take responsibility for them. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to make it out. The computer system break down suddenly he was searching for information on the Internet. He accidentally let out had quarreled with his wife and that he hadn’t been home for a couple of weeks.
Text B
Language Practice
The following are useful words and phrases selected from Text B .the exercises below will help you learn to use them properly.
1. d 2. a 3. e 4.c 5. f 6. b
Ⅱ. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. They often involve networks of reactions, not just one enzyme but a series of enzymes that serve
to amplify each other.
2. Poisons that generally affect only unwanted plants, or weeds, are called herbicides. 3. Islet transplantation is one of the effective methods for diabetic therapy.
4. This is very simple but it's a great way to ask about a specific category among many different
categories.
5. He says they are part of the genome of the last common ancestor of all birds, frogs, dinosaurs and
mammals.
6. I know a sculptor who swaps her pieces for drawings by a well-known artist. 7. Families pull out all the stops to optimize their children's scores.
8. The cells would be basically little reactors for generating lots of virus so you could make lots of
virus to study. 9. A fox was sneaking on the lurk.
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Zinc-finger nucleases are enzymes that can be designed to find specific DNA sequences in the
genome and cut them out, deleting those sequences or swapping one gene for another. 锌指核酸酶可以用来在基因组中查找特定DNA序列并将其切断,也可以删除那些基因序列或是将一种基因与另一种进行交换。
2. This unpredictability has caused problems: in one of the first clinical trials of gene therapy,
five children treated for a rare immune disorder developed leukaemia because the viral vector embedded itself near cancer-causing genes.
这种不可预测性会带来一些麻烦: 由于病毒载体已植入致癌基因临近区域，5名患有罕见免疫系统失调严重白血病的儿童就成为首个基因治疗临床试验中的一例。
3. They then looked for viral genes in the cells to discover where the zinc-finger nucleases had been at work. Among the enzymes tested were two that are similar to those being used in clinical trials.
于是他们在细胞中寻找病毒基因, 为了能够找到锌指核酸酶作用的位置。在被测试的酶中，有两种十分接近那些被用于临床试验的酶类。
4. The researchers then looked for similar sequences in the human genome, and tested whether these sequences were cleaved in human cells grown in culture.
然后研究人员在人类基因组中寻找相似的序列, 并测试是否这些序列能够在人类生长细胞培养中裂解。
5. But he believes that regulators at the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) are unlikely to give up their requirement for safety testing in live animals.
但他认为美国食品及药物管理局(FDA)的监管机构不太可能会放弃他们在活动物体安全测试的要求。
Text C
Ⅰ. Match the definitions in Column B with the words on Column A.
1. c 2. a 3. e 4. f 5. b 6. d
Ⅱ. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
It's a plant or animal that is in danger of extinction. The surgeon cut through connective tissue to expose the bone. Each fragment's immense kinetic energy was transform into heat. Television advertisers can exploit a captive audience. The tropical plants thrived well under our care. 6. Nina used to coax Antonia to tell her stories.
7. As farmers brought their crops to the city by bicycle or bus, long food lines began to dwindle and then disappear.
8. Racegoers will be given a number which will correspond to a horse running in a race. 9. But overall, the emerging market long - term economic prospect was still more optimistic.
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. These cells can be stored and multiplied in culture, and are theoretically capable of making any tissue in the body — including sperm cells that could be used in assisted captive breeding programmes. The work is published online today in Nature Methods.
这些细胞可存储于细胞培养中并繁殖，理论上能够培养出身体的任何细胞——包括可用于协助圈养繁殖计划的精子细胞。这项实验今天在线发表于《自然-方法》。 2. Obtaining stem cells by sacrificing the fertilized embryo of an endangered species was out of the question, so Loring tried to think of other sources, but came up empty.
通过牺牲濒危物种的受精胚胎获取干细胞是不可能的,所以劳瑞尝试考虑其它来源,但一无所获。
3. Loring and her colleague Inbar Friedrich Ben-Nun at first assumed that human versions of the reprogramming genes would not convert rhino or drill fibroblasts to stem cells, so the team tried reprogramming the drill cells with genes from another monkey species, the rhesus macaque, and Fatu's fibroblasts with horse genes.
劳瑞和她的同事Inbar Friedrich Ben修女起初假设重组基因的人类版本不可以把犀牛或鬼狒的纤维母细胞转变成干细胞,所以他们的团队尝试来源于另一种猴，猕猴的基因重组鬼狒细胞，以及用马基因重组Fatu的纤维母细胞。
4. As proof of pluripotency, the researchers coaxed the drill and rhino iPS cells into making the three different kinds of simple tissues that produce all the other tissues in the body.
作为多能性的证明,研究人员把鬼狒和犀牛的多能干细胞诱导去制造三种不同的简单组织，这些简单组织可以生长出身体上的所有其他组织。
5. Even if the technologies to use them in assisted breeding aren't mature, the cells offer a way to preserve the genetic diversity of individual animals long after they have died.
即使把这项技术应用到辅助育种并不成熟,但是这些细胞却提供了一种方法来保护个体亡种的基因多样性。
Unit 4
Text A
1. Test yourself: complete the following sentences with one word chosen from the box in its proper form.
1. Despite all the goodwill in the world, the Middle East peace process remains as elusive and
frustrating as ever. 2. Convinced of the accuracy of the data, they stuck to their opinion. 3. This dog can fetch and carry at his master's command. 4. Her irregular heartbeats began to even out. 5. Some books will still be around, they say, although many of those will be digital. 6. Transfusion of infected blood or blood products is the most efficient of all ways to transmit HIV.
7. Use it to remind yourself of why you want to stop, whenever you feel like smoking. 8. He carved up the roast beef and gave each of us a portion. 9. The scientist deserves recognition for his talent. 10. I still clearly remember that for each dictation test, she also got the No.1. Moreover, she
accomplished every assignment very carefully.
2. Study the following italicized words in the text and write down the correct meaning of these words in English:
1. There were YouTube parodies, how to guides and copycat apps for Android phones.
someone who copies the words or behavior of another 2. That is why, when your Internet signal isn’t great or when the cell network is congested, Siri
may come up short.
an interconnected system of things or people
3. Irregular background noise, wind and variable distance from mouth to microphone all make
transcription perfection on a cell phone a towering task. device for converting sound waves into electrical energy 4. Siri, as everyone knows by now, is a software assistant that takes spoken orders.
written programs or procedures or rules and associated documentation pertaining to the operation of a computer system and that are stored in read/write memory 5. Now there has been a class-action lawsuit asserting that Apple made false claims.
a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy
Fill in the following table with missing information: Original word Suffix New word Meaning of the new word Italy train settle repeat fail modi consist
-ian -ee -ment -ion -ure -fy -ent Italian trainee settlement repetition failure modify consistent II. Language in use
Complete the sentences by translating the Chinese into English. 1. We can see the risen（升起的）sun. 2. He is a retired（退休）worker.
3. The flown（飞起的）kites are high in the sky. 4. The broken（坏了的）bike was sent to the repairman. 5. They tried to surround the retreated（撤退的） troops. 6. She is an attracting（有魅力的）lady.
7. These repeated（一次又一次）efforts were still inadequate． 8. Used（开过的） cars are cheaper than new ones.
text B
Content Questions:
Choose the best answer for each of the following and complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
1. Why Google can’t claim victory? B A. Google doesn’t agree to certain conditions. B. The European Union needs to sign off on the merge. C. Google has raised concerns about consumer privacy.
D. Google can’t begin incorporating DoubleClick into its business. 2. The EU has raised concerns about it’s influence on C A. public interest
B. customer data collection and privacy C. consumer privacy D. privacy policy
3. What percentage does Google master the market? B A. 4/10 B. 2/3 C. 6/10 D. 1/4
4. Consumer groups have the other idea about the issue, they think the risk of violating someone’s privacy is higher if A
A. data collected becomes more B. he market is vigorous C. he market increases
D. the information becomes more
5. With whom Microsoft solidified multiyear advertising agreements? A A. Facebook B. Viacom C. MySpace D. Digg
6. According to the CDD’s Chester, nobody can take Microsoft seriously when B. A. it talks about competitive behavior B. it comes into a room C. it doesn’t threat to privacy D. it doesn’t have any opponents
7. Who can be regarded as independent player? B A. Yahoo B. Specific Media C. DoubleClick D. Time Warner
8. In November the commission delayed a decision on the deal, saying it was more than many competition cases and demanded further review complicated. 9. Google counters that DoubleClick clients own information about who visits their sites and what they do there. 10. The FTC did offer a ray of hope for privacy advocates.
Language Practice:
Fill in the gaps with words chosen from the box. Chang the form where necessary.
aggregate premium client vigorous block violation monopoly innovate target evolve automotive 1. The client left his visiting card on his desk. 2. The policeman rapped the driver for his violation of traffic regulations. 3. I welcome this healthy and fair competition because I believe we’ll see it will spur us both to
innovate and both will benefit from it. 4. If they will be able to resist general panic, their business will evolve as was planned. 5. If you know the make and model of every automobile that zips by and have an interest in
what’s under the hood, consider becoming an automotive service technician or mechanic. Find in Column B for words or expressions with the same meaning in Column A. A B c 1) block a. bonus f 2) target b. energetic a 3) premium c. obstacle e 4) client d. total d 5) aggregate e. buyer b 6) vigorous f. aim Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese:
1. European Union’s antitrust commission still needs to sign off on the merger before Google can begin incorporating DoubleClick into its business. That may not happen without Google agreeing to certain conditions, if at all.
欧盟反垄断委员会在谷歌能够开始合并双击之前仍然需要赞同这种合并。果真如此的话，谷歌在某些情况下如果不同意，那么这种情形就不可能发生了。
2. The FTC said in its decision that it could only consider privacy concerns as they relate to marketplace competition. But it did issue a separate statement with some recommendations concerning online customer data collection and privacy.
美国联邦贸易委员会在决议中声称，在涉及市场竞争时，它只能考虑隐私方面。但是它确实也发布了一个声名，推荐了相关的在线客户资料搜集和客户资料隐私。
text C
Content Questions:
Choose the best answer for each of the following and complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
1. What is the passage mainly talking about? B A. The economic recession will last a few years.
B. More people are taking their skills online to make money.
C. Asking for advice through the Internet is a good way to solve your problems. D. People shouldn’t release their financial and personal details online. 2. Live Person Inc. is a Web site where D.
A. people chat with each other and make friends freely B. professionals and advisers help others for free C. people pay money for applying to become an expert
D. clients pay for online chat time with professionals and advisers 3. Why are labor-at-the-keyboard sites gaining popularity? B A. Because people love to work on the Internet. B. Because more people are finding jobs on the Internet. C. Because people are being asked to work on the Internet.
D. Because working on the Internet is easier than other ways of working. 4. How much will an expert get through Live Person if a client pays $10? C A. $3 to $3.5.
B. $10. C. $6.5 to $7. D. $5.
5. Mechanical Turk originated as a method to C. A. label images of a particular animal in a photograph B. serve a variety of companies who need Web tasks performed C. help Amazon manage its product database D. find someone’s email address 6. What does Turker Nation do? D
A. It reserves the right to refuse payment if a task is not completed satisfactorily. B. It relies on legal or medical advice from an unknown online source. C. It registers complaints about the advice offered on the site. D. It reviews the companies that solicit and pay for tasks.
7. What does Ms. Knutson spend the majority of her time doing? C
A. Finding a place to purchase a specific item. B. Identifying the name of a street in a photograph. C. Transcribing Web audio and video for clients. D. Struggling to find what to eat every week.
8. Associated Content pays contributors to write articles on a wide range of subjects, from organic flower gardening to how to apply for financial aid. 9. Live Person says it vets contributors’ qualifications through a third party, and relies heavily on its community reviews. 10. Amazon says that MTurk now has 200,000 workers from 100 different countries.
Language Practice:
Fill in the gaps with words given in the box. Change the form where necessary. expertise dispense catalog certification submission commission optimize credential turban solicit transcribe 1. Solicit advice from your boss and trusted associates to help you analyze what went wrong and how you might've avoided the error entirely.
2. He was faced with two alternatives -- death or submission. 3. To optimize performance of an application, you should attempt to minimize wait time at each component.
4. You are an expert on something and you should share your expertise with educators and their students.
5. If you provide us with your express accounts, we will send you a sample with a catalog. 6. Preparing for any kind of IT certification is about both studying and practicing.
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
5. Consumers who use these sites also need to exercise caution. Relying on legal or medical advice from an unknown online source has obvious drawbacks, and the Web sites acknowledge that some users have registered complaints about the advice offered on the sites.
消费者在登录这些网站时需要小心。依赖源于这些不知名网站的法律或医疗建议有着显而易见的弊端，这些网站也承认，一些注册用户对于网站提出的建议做出了批评。 6. As the recession deepens, a small but growing number of people are taking their skills online, offering expertise or performing specified tasks for a fee. Labor-at-the-keyboard sites are gaining popularity as people increasingly turn to the Web in search of work.
随着经济衰退的加剧，一少部分人，不过数量正在增长当中，在网络上运用着自己的技
能，用专业知识或者或者完成某个任务来赚取佣金。由于更多的人开始在网络上找工作，“用键盘工作”网站的用户越来越多。
Unit 5 Space Text A
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
I alone have a right to blame and punish, for he only may chastise who loves. Slick television ads always tout all kinds of products to consumers. Slated by critics at the time, the film has since become a cult classic. The hurricane was forecast to thunder into the Gulf coast late on Wednesday or early on Thursday, bringing storm surge flooding of up to 16 feet above normal tide levels.
A paradigm is a model for something that explains it or shows how it can be produced. Another government spending crisis is looming in the United States. Diplomatic efforts to reach a settlement resume today after a two-week hiatus. I don't think there's any guarantee that the recovery is going to evolve into a self sustaining economic expansion.
9. Ken's colleagues said he was actually in a joking, upbeat mood in spite of the bad news. 10. A space capsule is currently orbiting the Earth. 11. Spring wind blowing, catkins are leaving her mother's embrace, embark on a romantic journey.
12. See the previous answer, or on the question, or see the episode summary the penultimate episode.
13. The space shuttle Atlantis is scheduled to dock with Russia's Mir space station. 14. The rocket ship is divided into two parts, the payload part and the fuel - exhaust part. 15. Scientists say these 15 unmanned flights can make important and exciting discoveries. 16. They have always championed the cause of equal rights for women. 17. The sight of travelers huffing and puffing their way along drew the ire of the media. 18. But like most novelists, he plans to draw on his childhood. 19. Their unwise investment could spell financial ruin. 20. Every day, a shuttle arrives to ferry guests to and from shopping mall. Word Formation
Ⅰ.Abbreviations and Acronyms:
Study what the abbreviations below mean and try to fill in the gaps to complete them. IBM International Business Machines UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line CBD Central Business District EMBA Executive Master of Business Administration GPS Global Position System HTTP Hyper Text Transfer Protocol ASCII American Standard Code for Information Interchange NMD National Missile Defense CAD Computer –aided Design
CD-ROM Compact Disk- Read Only Memory CSCL Computer-supported Collaborative Learning Ⅱ.Derivation
Study the following prefix and affix and fill the blanks. prefix/affix meaning of affix/prefix re- un- em- -ial -ation again, back the opposite of, not the examples resupply untested meaning of New Word to provide (with something) again not yet proved or subjected to testing to go aboard a vessel or aircraft relating to a president or presidency official permission or approval added to nouns to embark form verbs of or concerning state,action, institution,etc presidential authorization Use the proper forms in the brackets to complete the following sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
He has been on the editorial staff of ―the Reader’s Digest‖ since 2000. (editor) The news report was completely without foundation. (find) Unfortunately I have been gradually gotten into this kind of status unconsciously. (conscious) Powerful people empower others and encourage others to express themselves openly. (power) Production and profits soared and people began to rebuild their old homes.(build) Language in Use
Apposition: identify the apposition in the following sentences and figure out their functions.
1. ―Although we're ending the space-shuttle programme, we are not ending the nation’s human
space-flight programme,‖ says Philip McAlister, acting director of NASA's commercial space-flight development programme. \"acting director of NASA's commercial space-flight development programme\" is in apposition to \"Philip McAlister\". It is serving to modify \"Philip McAlister\".
2. NASA will face years with no crewed spaceship of its own, and the Space Coast, the region
around the Kennedy centre, will lose some 8,000 space-related jobs. \"the region around the Kennedy centre\" is in apposition to \"the Space Coast\". It is serving to modify \"the Space Coast\".
3. An option strongly endorsed by Elon Musk, chief executive of Space X.
\"chief executive of Space X\" is in apposition to \"Elon Musk\". It is serving to modify \"Elon Musk\".
4. ―The shuttle was one of the ways to go to space,‖ says Chris Hadfield, an astronaut with NASA and the Canadian Space Agency, who will spend six months on the ISS next year, three as commander. ‖ \"an astronaut with NASA and the Canadian Space Agency\" is in apposition to \"Chris Hadfield\". It is serving to modify \"Chris Hadfield\".
5. The Soyuz flights can carry very little payload, says Tara Ruttley, the station's associate programme scientist. \"the station's associate programme scientist\" is in apposition to \"Tara Ruttley\". It is serving to modify \"Tara Ruttley\".
Study the model “Apposition” above and complete the following sentences by translating the sentences into English.
1. She won her first victory, a victory that was applauded by the public. (一个得到公众欢呼的胜利)
2. We have two children, a boy and a girl .（一男一女） 3. The man, my teacher, never rides a bike. (是我老师)
4. There are many big cities in Europe, for example, London, Paris and Rome. （伦敦，巴黎和罗马）
5. His latest proposal, to concentrate on primary education, has met with some opposition. （致力于初等教育）
Text B
Language Practice
Ⅰ. Match the definitions in Column B with the words on Column A.
1. b 2. f 3. a 4. e 5. c 6. d
Ⅱ. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. But President Obama said the Constellation program was over budget and behind schedule, and it lacked in new thinking.
2. NASA used its Lunar Crater Observing and Sensing Satellite,or LCROSS, to look for water
deep beneath the lunar surface. 3. In the future, project organizers want to have international donors buy the kits for girls and
young women who cannot afford them. 4. The department is responsible for the provision of residential care services. 5. That difference has functional consequences for the daughter cells in that one of the daughter cells becomes what's called here a committed progenitor cell.
6. The election of Mary Robinson in 1990 was a watershed in Irish politics. 7. It can never be a kind of cosmopolis, a world state or even a league of states or nations. 8. You’ll also have to be able to create a safe and enjoyable commercial suborbital space flight experience for your passengers.
9. It needed much more power than the rockets used to launch the one-man Mercury and the two-man Gemini flights.
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. It will place SpaceX at the heart of ISS operations and will open up important capabilities for science by increasing the number of future science experiments aboard the station and providing a way to bring samples produced in microgravity back to Earth.
这次飞行任务将太空探索技术公司放置在国际空间运行站的核心位置,并且通过增加空间站的未来科学实验数量以及提供一种将在微重力条件下生产的样品带回地球的方法来开启空间站的重要科学功能。
2. The flight is a watershed, but it is just the beginning of the potentially game-changing capabilities and economic promise of the emerging commercial space industry for science. 此次飞行是一个标志性的转折点,但这仅仅是改变游戏规则潜能以及新兴航天工业科学经济前景的开始。
3. The companies will revolutionize suborbital access by lowering costs to a tenth of those today by flying reusable rather than throw-away space vehicles.
这些公司将通过降低十分之一的成本彻底改变亚轨道，凭借可重复使用而不是一次性的太空飞行器来实现。
5. Moon Express and its competitors hope to build a twenty-first-century robotic space business niche by amalgamating payloads from various universities, labs and countries, and sharing the costs.
通过对从各高校、实验室和各国资源的有效合并及成本分享，月球速递公司和其竞争对手希望构建一个21世纪机器人太空商业的市场。
5. It is unlikely to be long before science agencies such as NASA and the European Space Agency, which are feeling the simultaneous pinch of cost overruns and budget squeezes, begin to make similar contracts.
诸如美国宇航局和欧洲航天局这样的科学机构正经历着成本超支和预算挤压的痛苦，不久后便开始签订一些类似的合同。
Text C
Language Practice
The following are useful words and phrases selected from Text B .the exercises below will help you learn to use them properly.
Ⅰ. Match the definitions in Column B with the words on Column A.
1. f 2. e 3. a 4. b 5. d 6. c
Ⅱ. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. We saw pictures of exotic birds from the jungle of Brazil. 2. The primary cosmic radiation that reaches the earth is minimum at periods of maximum solar activity.
3. So realize if it doesn't quite sink in today, not a problems in terms of these low level details. 4. Platinum exceeds gold in value. 5. So there are many other probable meteorite craters, but need further more investigations and verification.
6. For instance, electrocardiograph can detect heart's condition. Electroencephalograph can
detect brain's condition. 7. The study is said to be the first to examine in detail measurements of bone strength instead of
bone density. 8. Anyone wondering how consumers behave in a recession need simply trawl the tabloids for inspiration.
9. This article first provides a listing of all the content retrieval options with a description of
each option, then further explains when to use each option.
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. We scientists should take the idea seriously, for it could offer two benefits: a burgeoning of
planetary sciences, including the discovery of exotic new cosmic materials, and much cheaper space missions to explore the Solar System and the distant Universe.
我们科学家们应该严肃看待这个观点,因为它可以提供两个优点:一个迅猛发展的，包含外来新宇宙物质探索在内的行星科学,以及对太阳系和宇宙深处探索的成本相对廉价的太空任务。
2. Some meteorites — pieces of asteroids that reach Earth's surface — contain scores of different
amino acids.
有些陨石是陨落在地球表面的行星体,它含有几十种不同的氨基酸。
3. Known technologies will be developed to speed delivery times. That will accelerate outer
Solar System exploration, and get people safely to Mars.
对已知技术的进一步研发将提速运送时代。这将加速对外太阳系的探索,并使人们安全地抵达火星。
4. The mining companies could gain from surveys by scientist-explorers, just as both the
American pioneers and science gained from government-sponsored expeditions.
矿业公司可以获得来自科学家探险家们的调查,正如美国拓荒者和资助的探险科学一样。
5. To promote such research, NASA's new goal should not be exploration, but enablement of the
commercial development of space resources.
为了推动这项研究,美国国家航空和宇宙航行局的新目标不应该单是探索,还应该是实现空间资源的商业发展。
Unit 7
Text A
2. Compare the words in the box with what you have listed above and make sure that you’ve studied all of them. Verbs slide attribute assess override morph diagnose distort emerge nones optimism temperament persistence obstacle entrepreneur aversion bias distortion scarcity adjecives
Test yourself: complete the following sentences with one word chosen from the box in its proper form.
1. Women tend to attribute their success to external causes such as luck. 2. When signals of drug safety problems emerge, WHO shares the results with all Member Countries.
3. He achieved success through dogged persistence. 4. A lack of qualifications can be a major obstacle to finding a job. 5. There were fierce attacks on the BBC for alleged political bias. 6. Cats have a natural aversion to water. 7. The willful killing of a person is murder. 8. Considerations of safety override all other concerns. 9. The scarcity of fruit was caused by the drought. 10. Financial stress is well established as a chief reason for divorce. II. Word formation 1. Conversion:
1. Jobs’s optimism morphed into a reality-distorting will to power over rules that applied only to others and was reflected in numerous ways. supply the force or power for the functioning of 2. People tend to be overly optimistic about their relative standing on any activity in which they do moderately well.
a person related by blood or marriage
3.Research shows that chief financial officers, for example, ―were grossly overconfident about their ability to forecast the market.‖ predict in advance
4. Most of us view the world as more benign than it really is. deem to be
5. On average these persistent (or obstinate) individuals doubled their initial losses before giving
biographical heroic willful numerous chief pervasive up.
increase twofold 2. Derivation Original word Meaning of the Prefix/suOW ffix a general disposition to Over- expect the best in all things Meaning of the affix New word Meaning of NW optimism You can add over- to excessive an adjective or verb hopefulness to indicate that a or overoptimism quality exists or an confidence action is done to too great an extent. -less is added to nouns in order to form adjectives that indicate that someone hopeless or something does not have the thing that the noun refers to. -able combines with verbs to form adjectives. Adjectives formed in this way refutable describe someone or something that can have a particular thing done to them. -ology is used at the end of some nouns that refer to a psychology particular science or subject before in time or position; anterior; prospect forward without hope because there seems to be no possibility of comfort or success able to be refuted hope the general feeling that some desire -less will be fulfilled refute overthrow by argument, -able evidence, or proof psych -ology the science of mental life the possibility of future success declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of spect pro- knowledge the psychological result of perception and ac- learning and reasoning acknowledge
III. Language in use Prepositional Verbs
1. Identify the prepositional verbs in the following sentences and figure out their meanings. 1. But optimism can slide dangerously into overoptimism.
Gradually condition) 2. Jobs’s optimism morphed into a reality
convert into 3. People tend to be overly optimistic about their relative standing on any activity in which they do moderately well.
to have a tendency 4. There was one reality Jobs’s distortion field optimism could not completely bend to his will: cancer.
to have or take on a curved shape or sloping position. 5. After he was diagnosed with a treatable form of pancreatic cancer, Jobs initially refused surgery.
to discover the nature of (a disease or fault) by making a careful examination. 2. Choose the correct preposition to complete the verb + preposition combination used in the question.
1. At times, their communication would drop off, Mr. Jones said. (drop) 2.What I wanted to get through in this article is that it’s important that you remember what is truly important to you. (get) 3. If you want a fulfilling and passionate life, you have to go after it. (go) 4. So long as we keep to the principle of equality and mutual benefit, trade between our two countries will develop further. (keep) 5. He was wearing a ragged black overcoat, but she could make out blood on his hands and face. (make) 6. Since they insisit on going, we'll simply push the boat with the current and let them go with us. (insist) 7. We must persist in doing whatever we think is right. (persist) pass into (a certain, usually bad
8. Last but not least, we'll discuss how to carry on the contract smoothly. (carry) 9. All convicted persons have the right to appeal to the next higher court level. (appeal) Text B
Content Qusetions:
Choose the best answer for each of the following and complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss? A A. How to use the mind against disease.
B. How modern methods of therapy focuses on the physical disease. C. Response from the medical world.
D. How suggestion therapy benefits to adults and children. 2. How does psychological therapy work? C A. The patient waits for the medicine and treatment to cure him. B. The doctor uses medical treatment to cure the patient's problems. C. The doctor, the medicine, and the patient work together to fight disease. D. The patient uses his minds to cure himself.
3. What can we learn from the studies of Carl Simonton, M. D.? B A. The medical treatment can cure the patient's mental disease.
B. The treatment of a patient by treating the body and the mind is necessary. C. The mental treatment is more important than medical treatment. D. Few patients have emotional response to the disease.
4. The use of psychological therapy is helpful to some patients in that . C A. the medical effect is better with psychological therapy than without it B. the patients can see a powerful beam of radiation hitting their tumor cells C. the patients' attitudes towards themselves have changed
D. the patients are easy to accept the methods the doctors use to treat them 5.__________the patient can use his mind to help his body respond to treatment. D A. In medical treatment B. In mental therapy C. In the tumor operation D. In suggestion therapy
6. It can be learned from the passage that suggestion therapy cannot be used to . D A. help adults deal with the strong pain of some diseases B. help the patients with chronic diseases
C. help change bad habits like nail-biting, thumb-sucking, and sleep-related problems D. help patient overcome insomnia
7. According to the passage, which of the following remains unknown so far? C A. Many doctors have recognized the psychological value B. Suggestion therapy is helpful for both adults and children C. Medical researchers have known how suggestion works
D. Doctors have learned that psychology is important in medical treatment
8. From the fourth part of the passage, we can see both adults and children can benefit from suggestion therapy. 9. Physicians have found that children make a quick response to suggestion therapy because they are fascinated by it. 10. Many professional medical doctors have recognized the value of psychological treatment and therefore they willingly accept it/ accept the method.
Language Practice
shrink anxiety radiation respond emphasize typically depression psychology application alternative
I. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. The disease typically manifested itself in a high fever and chest pains. 2. Therefore, it might be necessary for those in the areas with highest radiation levels to shelter for up to a month.
3. Many people associate dark clouds with depression and gloom. 4. We are very sad to have to do this, but there is no other alternative.
5. The scars of the crisis are fresh, and every new economic report brings another wave of
anxiety. 6. Simpleness is a very essential thing, and the zen ideology also emphasize this point. II. Find in Column B for words or expressions with the same meaning in Column A A B e 1)emphasize a. distress
f 2)respond b. use a 3)anxiety c. compress c 4)shrink d. option b 5)application e. stress d 6)alternative f. reply Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Doctors are not certain why this mental therapy works. However, this use of psychology does help some patients because their attitudes about themselves change. They become more confident because they use the power within their own minds to help stop the disease.
医生并不确定为什么心理治疗会起作用。但是，心理学的运确实能够帮助一些病人，因为他们对自身的态度会发生转变。由于自己心中有了帮助战胜疾病的力量，他们变得更加有信心。 2. Many professional medical groups have accepted the medical use of psychology because they recognize its value. Nobody knows how suggestion works; however, doctors have learned that psychology has important applications in medicine.
许多专业的医疗团体都接受了心理学疗法的应用，因为他们发现了它的价值。没有人知道这种心理暗示如何起的作用，但是，医生们掌握了心理学在医疗当中的重要应用。
3. Psychology has a new application in the field of medicine. Many doctors, together with their patients, are looking for alternative methods of treatment of physical problems. In large hospitals and research centers, modern methods of therapy seem to focus on the physical disease without considering the patients' mental state.
心理学在医疗领域有了新的应用。许多医生和他们的病人都在寻找心理问题治疗的替代方法。在大医院和研究中心里，现在的治疗方法似乎只是在关注病人的身体疾病而不考虑他们的精神状态。
Text C
Content Questions:
1. This passage mainly discusses different theories about why we have dreams at night. N 2. Early theories held that dreams were reflection of people’s real, physical worlds. Y 3. According to physiological theories, dreaming allows us to sort through problems or events of the day that require our attention. N 4. REM occurs at the third and fourth stage during which we experience the deepest sleep. N 5. The reason why dreams do not seem important is that they are very difficult to remember. Y 6. Trying to get recorded what you said or did in your dream can help increase your dream recall. NG 7. If a person dreams he is naked but is not noticed by others, it means what he is afraid of is groundless. Y Questions8-10
8. You are falling, falling, falling in your dream, which is said to symbolize insecurities and anxiety. 9. Being chased in a dream usually means that you’re escaping from your problems. 10. One of the interpretations for flying dreams is that you are strong willed and nothing can defeat you. Language Practice:
verbal visual emotional stimuli impulse interpret essentially stimulation combination proponent interpretation symbolize scrutiny neglect tip prophetic nonsensical Fill in the gaps with words chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary. 1. To do this, you need to correctly interpret their actions. 2. So many children who commit violent crimes have themselves been brutalized by years of abuse and neglect. 3. Samsung is a proponent of the technology and hopes to bring out products based on the standard by the end of 2011.
4. Blue can also symbolize trust and dependability. 5. While the occasional impulse buy is not a problem, shopping should not be the cure for everything that ails you.
6. He added the stimulation might cause pain but was very safe and would not harm children in any way.
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1 Many flying dreams are the result of lucid dreaming. Not all flying dreams are, however. Typically, dreaming that you are flying means you are on top of things. You are in control of the things that matter to you. Or, maybe you've just gained a new perspective on things. It may also mean you are strong willed and feel like no one and nothing can defeat you.
许多飞翔的梦都是清醒梦境，但并不是所有飞翔的梦都是如此。一般来说，梦到你在飞意味着你站在某些东西的顶端，控制着对你重要的东西。也可能你刚刚获得了某件事的新看法。还可能意味着你有着强烈的意志力，觉得没有人、没有东西能够击败你。
2 You suddenly realize you are supposed to be taking an exam at that very moment. You might be running through the hallways and can't find the classroom. This type of dream can have several
variations that have similar meanings. (Maybe your pen won't write, so you can't finish writing your answers.)
你突然意识到你就在这时该考试了。你可能会在走廊里奔跑却找不到教室。这类梦境可能有多种形式，却有着同样的寓意。（可能你的笔写不出字了，于是没答完卷子。）
3 When we sleep, we go through five sleep stages. The first stage is a very light sleep from which it is easy to wake up. The second stage moves into a slightly deeper sleep, and stages three and four represent our deepest sleep. Our brain activity throughout these stages is gradually slowing down so that by deep sleep, we experience nothing but delta brain waves -- the slowest brain waves.
我们睡觉时会经历五个阶段。第一个阶段是轻睡眠，很容易醒。第二个阶段发展为较深睡眠，第三和第四个阶段代表我们的深度睡眠。在这些阶段中我们的大脑活动在逐渐减缓，因此，在深度睡眠中，除了德尔塔脑电波——最慢的脑电波——外，我们什么也感受不到。
Unit 8 New-Tech Text A
VOCABULARY
Test yourself: complete the following sentences with one word chosen from the box in its proper form. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
1. Measures looking from the subscriber, already was last week's highest record. To verify Restaurant Cashier's receipts against machine tape readings.
When fresh food and water are not available, the camel can feed off its hump.
Peterson says an early childhood education class got her thinking about ways to incorporate more activity into their school day.
We must develop enough inner strength to prevent other people's nonsense from making us nonsensical ourselves.
To collate all laboratory, X-ray results and collate all reports for doctors to comment and certified.
This Code of Practice will give patients right of access to their medical records. He fought many hard battles and achieved notable merits, but he remains humble in spirits. They take that amount and they go over and they type that amount into the credit card terminal. 10. Characters are simple. Suppose you want to represent sets of strings, well you basically just
generalize the hash function. 11. A hedge is a row of bushes or small trees, usually along the edge of a garden, field, or road. 12. He tweeted his fans after the event. 13. Others would be rounded up and sent to an abattoir for either human or pet consumption. 14. Fashion gurus dictate crazy ideas such as squeezing oversized bodies into tight trousers. 15. He studied the summer-resort posters, lest she have to acquaintances and expose her
uneasiness.
16. I was hoping he'd alert the police. 17. Whatever you do, don’t bombard poor, innocent people in the real world with corporate
jargon.
18. Our radar began tracking the jets. 19. They may grant you power, honour, and riches but afflict you with servitude, infamy, and
poverty.
20. In this article we will show you how to change themes and backgrounds, find hidden themes,
and create a background slideshow on your desktop. Word Formation Ⅰ. Neologism:
1. Today BLOG came into class and more as a kind of new technology of emerging rapidly.
Blog is a discussion or informational site published on the World Wide Web and consisting of discrete entries typically displayed in reverse chronological order. 2. Thank you for having been a Tupperware Customer in the past year.
Tupperware is the name of a home products line that includes preparation, storage, containment, and serving products for the kitchen and home, which were first introduced to the public in 1946. 3. Nowadays, we have many Internet search engines, such as Google, Yahoo, and WebCrawler. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the standard Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. 4. The images, made by Photoshop, has a wonderful effect.
Photoshop is widely used colloquially and academically, to refer to retouching, compositing, and color balancing carried out in the course of graphic design, commercial publishing, and image editing. 5. The problem of laser diode degradation was particularly troublesome.
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. Ⅱ. Conversion:
1. News increasingly is being broken through tweets, and now Bloomberg’s terminal service
allows traders to monitor social media buzz about companies. monitor：keep tabs on; keep an eye on 2. The selected Twitter handles selected are jokingly being compared to a VIP list—which Kevin Roose at Daily Intelligencer has partially rounded up.
Twitter handle： uesername 3. That was followed by a generous amount of generalized anxiety about upping my game because all these guys making more money in a year than I’ll ever make are reading my tweets about Coldplay.
up: raise 4. At the bargain price, more than subscribers receive access to a service that collates data services tracking market movements and trades.
bargain: a good value, usually because it has been sold at a lower price than normal 5. For just $20,000 a year—though most estimates put it even higher—Wall Street bankers and traders can purchase access to the Bloomberg Terminal.
estimate: an approximate calculation of a quantity or value
Language in Use
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
Their only request is that this should be settled as soon as possible. (settle) There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. (drop) The detective insisted that she should have a look. (have) It is imperative that we should practice criticism and self-criticism. (practice) It is desired that this rule shall be brought to the attention of the staffs. (bring) I would sooner he left the heavy end of the work to some one else. (leave) Study the model “Subjunctive Mood” above and complete the following sentences by translating the sentences into English.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
He would be much better now if he had taken my advice. (如果他接受了我的意见)
Had he been in your position, he’d probably have done the same. （如果他处在你的地位） If I dropped the glass, it would break. (它会打碎的) So be it then. （那就这样吧） God bless you! (上帝保佑你！)
6. If machines really thought as men do, （如果机器人真的能像人一样会思考的话），there
would be no more reason to fear them than to fear men.
7. It is required that all the students be present at the meeting tomorrow(明天参加会议). 8. How could we get news in our own society or abroad without newspaper (没有报纸的话). 9. If I had been living in New York（如果我一直住在纽约）, I would know the U.S. well now. 10. It didn’t rain last night. If it had rained, the ground would be wet. (要是下了，地就会湿). Text B
Ⅱ. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. Dr.Robert Satcher and Randolph Bresnik are among the crew who worked for hours to install an enormous oxygen tank for the space station.
2. ―If we look at per-capita health expenditure, in the low income countries, it is $22 per capita.‖ 3. However, experts at the Microwave Association insist the sophisticated miniaturized technology does exist to turn the eye-catching gadget into a reality.
4. Honey is basically a compound of water, two types of sugar, vitamins and enzymes. 5. But its revenue last year has been estimated at five hundred to six hundred fifty million
dollars.
6. Something of the same argument might be made for books, or for the tactile pleasure of
holding and reading a well-made book.
7. As part of the new strategy, Napolitano says the United States will double the number of
border security teams, and will quadruple the number of border liaison officers who work with Mexican officials.
8. There are, of course, exceptions among brands with an interest in marketing to aspirational shoppers.
9. And there's also the venue where, currently South Pacific is playing and that's a Broadway
show.
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. According to the Motion Picture Association of America, movie admissions in the U.S. and
Canada dropped 18 percent between 2002 and 2011.
根据美国电影协会报道，2002年和2011年间美国和加拿大的电影门票收入下滑了18%。
2. Flat is the new up. But not at IMAX, which builds giant-screen movie systems and remasters
films to be shown in those venues.
不景气的现象与日俱增。但对于构建宽屏电影系统和精心灌录影片放映的IMAX却并非如此。 3. Add in 3-D, and IMAX turns a trip to the movies into an immersive, tactile, enveloping event
that can’t easily be replicated on smaller devices outside the theater.
3D和IMAX使得看电影变成了一个充满神秘色彩、身临其境的事情,而这一切绝非是影院外面
可以轻易被复制在较小设备上可以体验到的。
4. There are something like 30 cities in China with over 1 million people that don’t have a movie
theater, let alone an IMAX.
像中国这样的拥有100多万人口的30个城市还没有一个电影院,更不用说一个IMAX了。 5. Because of the unique experience IMAX offers moviegoers, filmmakers are coming to regard
the IMAX screen as a distinct platform.
由于IMAX为常看电影的人提供了美轮美奂的体验经历,所以电影制作人将要把IMAX屏幕作为一个独特的平台去展示。
Text C
Ⅰ.1. f 2. e 3. d 4. b 5. a 6. c
Ⅱ. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. Dozens of companies, including Hewlett-Packard, are sponsoring the event. 2. McCloskey was in charge of administration for the company and was aware that the chips
were not made by the name-brand manufacturers advertised. 3. Every visitor to Georgia is overwhelmed by the kindness, charm, and hospitality of the
people.
4. In an hour long philippic , the legislator denounced the lobbyist opposing his bill. 5. The goal of this legislation was to give Congress greater control over Executive withdrawals. 6. He has an analytic mind so many people come to consult him about investment. 7. He had been a professional since March 1985. Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. ―The Bloomberg,‖ as the financial-data machine is known, is a computer so omniscient that God would use it if he day-traded, and the $6 billion it funnels into the company every year had paid for everything in sight.
众所周知的财经数据机器“彭博”,是一台无所不知，无所不能的神器,如果做当日买卖投机，它可以将公司每年60亿美元的金额支付眼前的一切。
2. Terminal money, which accounts for 80 percent of revenue, has helped the company hire more reporters and editors than anyone else on the planet—more than 2,700 of them—over the last 20 years, from Abuja, Nigeria, to Zagreb, Croatia.
占收益80%的终端费用已经帮助该公司聘用更多的记者和编辑们——超过2700多人——在过去的20年间,从尼日利亚首都阿布贾到克罗地亚的萨格勒布。
3. Bloomberg the company is not all that well known beyond Wall Street; its expansion has managed to be both subtle and seismic, and could fundamentally alter not just the kind of news Americans get but the events in the news themselves.
彭博公司并非众所周知的超越华尔街意义的公司;它的发展既微妙又突然,并且能够从根本上改变的并非美国人了解的那样新闻而是新闻事件本身。
4. Now Bloomberg can feed BNA’s sought-after data directly to BLaw and BGov subscribers. The result: a one-stop shop for lobbyists to game the system.
现在彭博可以将BNA最抢手的数据直接提供给BLaw和BGov的认股人。结果:为说客提供一站式的游戏系统。
5. Lists of major donors—who might be induced to contribute or, better yet, place a call to the officeholder himself—are a click away.
主要捐助者的名单——或许是诱导地捐献，或者更好的是，电话通知自己——仅是一次点击之遥。
6. Other media outlets don’t have a cash cow anything like this.
其他媒体机构没有像这样的摇钱树。 Unit 10 Text A
1. The Irvine, Calif. -based company, located in an area between Los Angeles and San Diego, down the road from a Christmas tree farm, plans next month to launch a line of computers. 2. Each child was seated in front of a monitor for the computerized presentation.
3. Program analysis methods, both static and dynamic, promise to increase our ability to automatically characterize the interactions and circumstances that caused a particular sequence of log messages.
4. In the future, this may represent less of a problem because the entire US population older than 6 months is now recommended to receive seasonal influenza vaccine annually.
5. New laboratory experiments bolster the long-standing theory that marine bacteria light up to get themselves a free ride to other parts of the ocean in the digestive tracts of larger beasts, scientists from Israel and Germany report online December 27 in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
6. To conceive a great museum and a great collection at one stroke, and to carry it through to success, shows a rare dash and elan.
7. How can we expect our students to analyse ethical issues such as stem-cell research, nanotechnology, euthanasia or freedom of speech if we do not show them how?
8. This article does not claim to be the first to identify the problems of excessive buffering, but it is instead intended to create a wider understanding of the pervasive problem and to give a call to action.
9. Programmers frequently solve programming problems by creating new tool programs, such as scripts that generate source code from tables of data.
10. To address this question, we take a classic data mining approach.
11. Many people provided helpful suggestions, feedback, and encouragement for this project, particularly Doug DeCarlo, Maneesh Agrawala, Fredo Durand, Eitan Grinspun, and the members of the Princeton Graphics Group.
12. Finally, all these projects were small in scale and therefore of limited application in the development of large-scale WSN deployments.
13 They’ve showed a great deal of enterprise in setting up this project.
14. Many of the issues that create delay are not new, but their collective impact has not been widely understood.
15. Like VTB-specification tools, they are distinct architectural elements decoupled from the rest of contributed articles the system and can evolve or be replaced independently.
16. The second approach is embedded training, teaching people in the specific context of use in which they would normally be attacked.
I. Conversion:
Study the following italicized words in the text and write down the correct meaning of these words in English:
1. The sites will house equipment and host visiting researchers, while gathering a range of environmental data over at least three decades.
house: to provide with a place to work, study, or the like
host: to act as master of ceremonies, moderator, or interviewer for
2. \"It's a huge step forward,\" says Sandy Andelman, an ecologist who heads a network of tropical ecology sites through Conservation International in Arlington, Virginia. head: to be the head or chief of
3. But, she cautions, NEON will create a massive new data set that few environmental scientists know how to use today. caution: to warn or advise
4. The result will be a vast database that scientists can mine to tackle broad questions such as how global warming, pollution and land-use change are affecting ecosystems across the country. mine: to avail oneself of or draw useful or valuable material from
II. Derivation
Original word form(v.) Meaning of the OW Prefix/suffix Meaning of the affix New word Meaning of NW identical or consistent to change in form, appearance, or structure To move or be moved to a new place to construct or frame uni- to construct or frame trans- to set, fix, or establish in a position, re- situation, or locality; place; settle to cause to combine or Sub- coalesce; unite (of certain mechanical devices) to detect physical phenomena, as light, temperature, -or radioactivity, etc., mechanically, electrically, or photoelectrically. a person who mistrusts -ism people, ideas, etc, in Consisting of, uniform relating to or ( adj.) having only one Changing thoroughly transform (v.) form(v.) locate (v.) repetition of an relocate action (v.) merge (v.) submerge Situated under or (v.) beneath to put or sink below the surface of water or any other enveloping medium a mechanical device sensitive to light, temperature, radiation level, or the like, that transmits a signal to a measuring or control instrument sense (v.) machines or other less tangible sensor entities which (n.) behave in an agentlike way sceptic(n.) action or practice, state or condition, scepticism principles, (n.) doctrines, a usage skeptical attitude or temper; doubt general or characteristic, devotion or adherence, etc. a place or building equipped and used for making observations of astronomical, meteorological, or other natural phenomena to watch, view, or note for a observe(vscientific, -tory .) official, or other special purpose
a place or object observatory appropriate for the (n.) activity of the verb Identify the infinitives , gerunds and participles in the following sentences and figure out their functions.
1. Ambitious project to systematically monitor the environment on a continental scale is finally ready to break ground.
2. After years of discussion and debate, the United States is moving forward with an environmental monitoring network that promises to help transform a traditionally small-scale, local science into a continental-scale group enterprise.
3. The sites will house equipment and host visiting researchers, while gathering a range of environmental data over at least three decades.
4. Conceived more than a decade ago, NEON has already spent just over US$80 million planning the network and developing instruments, and has a staff of about 140, including some 60 scientists and engineers.
5. The first data, from sensors placed on towers, submerged in streams and buried in soils, should come next year.
6. NEON will create a massive new data set that few environmental scientists know how to use today.
7.For this reason, rather than focusing on regional investigations, the research stations are mainly designed to gather data in a uniform manner that can be used in larger network studies.
8. Scientists who are interested in addressing those problems will have to make the effort to learn how to use those data
Complete the following sentences with the proper form of the verbs in brackets.
1.A method of analysing interview transcripts in qualitative research. (analyse)
2. The responsibility to monitor the action plan typically rests with the teacher who keeps the other participants informed about the status of the plan. (monitor)
3. According to the World Health Organization, 250 million children worldwide, mostly in the
developing world, have diets lacking in vitamin A.
4. The wider price range introduced on Monday with the new phones and the expanded geographic footprint provided by the new online marketplaces will increase the potential market for Windows phones by 60 percent globally,
5. Managing resources in virtualized systems presents additional challenges.
6. The parser from txtadv-reader.rkt is responsible for processing the rest of the text and converting it into S-expression notation, including the introduction of txtadv.rkt as the module language for the parsed world.rkt module.
7. This means that the team members include the special education teacher, the general education teacher, a representative of the district/school who has the authority to release the resources of both time and personnel, the parent, and any other required member necessary to conduct the IEP meeting. text B
Content Questions:
For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C and D. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. 1. According the passage, what activities destroy the rainforests? B A. All human activities,
B. Forest fires, farming and mining. C. Logging only.
D. Soil erosion, landslides and flooding.
2. Which of the following is one of the purposes of reforestation projects? B A. To study the potential medicinal uses of trees. B. To protect the habitat and prevent species loss. C. To make full use of the rainforests. D. To protect the remaining forests.
3. What do rainforest trees tightly rely on? C
A. Saplings.
B. Microorganisms. C. Flora and fauna. D. Insects and birds.
4. Why are the quick-growing exotic tree species replanted in the deforested land? A A. 13ecause they can help prevent soil erosion. B. Because they are easy to survive.
C. Because some of them are eucalyptus or Australian acacia. D. Because they look like ancient trees very much.
5. Why are conservationists trying to save primary forests? D A. Because a secondary forest must be replanted.
B. Because a fire or logging can destroy primary forests. C. Because human activities can destroy primary forests. D. Because they have much higher levels of biodiversity.
6. What provides an easy means to inhabit new territory and expand viable rainforest ecology? C
A. Making the plants and animals live in a safe habitat.
B. Migrating rainforest species by conservationists.
C. Reforesting the corridors of trees that lie between rainforest parcels. D. Developing new species suitable to the rainforest.
7. What’s the function of installing man-made bat roosts in deforested areas? B A. To attract bats to live there. B. To encourage bats spread seeds. C. To attract other animals to come. D. To increase species diversity.
8. Conservation groups all around the world are working to preserve，enlarge and connect the world’s rainforests.
9. Around the turn of the century, there was a vast rainforest in Rwanda reduced its original size by deforestation and refugee resettlement. 10. According to a project called the Rwandan National Conservation Park, researchers also plan to study the ecology of the forest’s animals such as chimpanzees.
Language Practice:
I. Fill in the gaps with words given in the box. Change the form where necessary. consequence chop resource sustain nutrient critical crucial preserve conservation cultivation determine impede migrate install momentum ecology evolutionary strip derive extinction 1. When you are able to do all three of these, you have mastered one of the most crucial competencies of any manager.
2. One method of soil conservation is the use of windbreaks. 3. Most importantly we have the security of 8 months worth of expenses saved up that will sustain us until I find the job that feels right to me.
4. I wish we could migrate from here every winter, as the birds do! 5. He once believed that genes and brain function could determine everything about us. 6. This is an inevitable consequence of consciousness.
II. Find in Column B for words or expressions with the same meaning in Column A
A B
___d___1) derive a key ___f___2)cultivation b reserve ___a___3)crucial c set up ___b___4)preserve d obtain ___c___5)install e elimination ___e___6)extinction f farming
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Despite the importance of rainforests, deforestation practices continue. Though the term can apply to natural causes like forest fires, it’s commonly linked to human activities, like logging,
agriculture and mining--all important for our economy. 虽然雨林很重要，但森林采伐的情况仍在持续。尽管这种情况也包含着诸如森林火灾之类的自然原因，但通常还是与人类行为相关的，比如伐木、农耕和采矿等对经济有益的行为。 2. Reforestation can be accomplished by nature, by humans or through a combination of the two. Some reforestation efforts focus on growing forests quickly because these woodlands are key to many of Earth’s natural cycles, such as the carbon and water cycles. 雨林可以通过自然作用、人为作用，或者二者结合形成。造林的手段主要是快速地种植树木，因为这些林区对于碳和水循环等地球自然循环是至关重要的。
One-way conservationists seek to protect rainforest species is to reforest the corridors of trees that lie between rainforest parcels. This gives plants and animals access to a larger habitat and the chance to mix with other populations, which can boost their genetic diversity and help prevent extinction through isolation for most species.
自然资源保护论者寻找的保护雨林物种的途径之一是在雨林密集的树木中建起通道，这样可以给动植物带来更大的生存空间，也更有机会与其他物种融合，以促进它们的遗传多样性并有利于防止大多数物种因为隔绝的环境而造成的灭绝。
text C
Content Questions:
For questions 1-7, mark Y (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage; N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage; NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage. Questions 1 – 7
1. The passage gives a general description of an invasive insect, HWA.___N___ 2. Hemlock is a hallmark of southern Appalachia's national parks.___Y___
3. The invasive insect, known as the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), is from Japan.___Y___
4. The key to killing the HWA is to catch it early and act quickly.___Y___ 5. An infected tree usually dies immediately.___N____
6. The Hemlock in the U.S. will be saved from HWA soon.___NG___ 7. The long term, best way to control the pests HWA is spraying.___N___ Questions 8-10
8. Since 1951 the HWA has spread to more than 15 U.S. states. 9. Releasing one species of non-native bug to kill another could create another type of infestation. 10. It will take several different insects operating year-round to keep HWA in check.
Language Practice: Dormant infection barely resistance initial contiguous exclusively baldness invasion Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen form the box. change the form where
necessary.
1. Where there is oppression there is resistance. 2. Air，water，clothing and insects are all means of infection. 3. This to me is an invasion of my space and time. 4. He was barely listening until the salary was mentioned. Then he pricked up his ears. 5. I remember when computers were, for me at least, exclusively for work 6. Only about half the initial settlers made it through the first year.
Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
3. Because of the insect's broad impact on the entire ecosystem of southern Appalachia, HWA stands to cause wider damage than the American chestnut blight of the early 1900s. That fungus from Europe killed off the once dominant chestnut trees from the northeast United States to the southern Appalachian Mountains.
由于昆虫对于阿帕拉契亚南部地区整体生态系统的广泛影响，HWA造成的灾害要比20世纪90年代美州栗疫病的面积还要广。这种从欧洲传入的真菌灭绝了曾经在北美和阿帕拉契亚山南部地区大量生长的栗树。
4. But the beetle and other HWA-killer insects are seasonal, so it will take several different ones operating year-round to keep HWA in check, Rhea said. He doesn't believe HWA will be completely eradicated but will instead be kept in balance by the predator insects. \"We're trying to insert a balance in a system that's out of balance,\" he said.
但是，甲壳虫和其他能消灭HWA的昆虫都是季节性生存的，所以，需要多种昆虫在一年中不断作用，才能抑制住WHA，瑞亚如此说道。他认为HWA不会被彻底消灭，反而可以让食用它的保持平衡。“我们正在努力在一个不平衡的系统中加入平衡。” 5. But spraying must be repeated every six months, and injections are expensive and last only two years at most. These methods can't be used conveniently or safely in remote areas or near the streams where hemlocks grow thickly.
然而这种喷洒每六个月就得重复一次，注射很贵，也最多只能管用2年。这些方法在偏远地区和靠近铁彬密集生长的河流附近地区无法方便安全地采用
Unit 11 Business Administration Text A
VOCABULARY
Test yourself: complete the following sentences with one word chosen from the box in its proper form.
1. A bowl of soup a day could keep the pounds at bay. 2. Furthermore, regulatory reform efforts are exacerbating this weakness by encouraging banks
to deleverage. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
Even by modern standards, the 46, 000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. A depreciation of a currency's value makes imports more expensive and exports cheaper. But the pay is decent - - Not great, but decent, and steady. As markets tighten, creditors will also be less willing to refinance wobbling companies. Economic recovery can best be brought about by radical policy change. Lab scientists are trying their best to dig into the secrets of nature.
Migrating to WorldCat Local will allow deferred projects to move forward, such as cataloging of hidden collections, retrospective conversion, digitization, and populating the institutional repository with content.
10. The Iranian leader said the government should support industry and agriculture, investors
and workers should boost production and consumers should choose domestic products rather than imported ones.
11. Nutt said he believes the pressing issues for the Township are incorporation, residential
tax relief and a financially responsible solution to the water cruisers.
12. The mission focused on treating the most critically injured patients in order to free up Haitian hospitals for those with less severe injuries.
13. For 100 years, up to 1914, the sterling bond dominated world financial markets.
14. Body and clothes ornamentation by colors, shapes, or by colored and shaped objects are
designed to enhance physically desirable features that function everywhere in nature as cues for health, vigour, youth, and fertility. 15. We did not meet again for ten years, by then, the rather puny boy had grown into a
six-footman, weighing 200 pounds.
16. Police say this man is suspected of stealing Young's debit card number and going on a
shopping spree. 17. Our family likes to hike and we've had some grand adventures together. 18. He took a slug of hard liquor. 19. That's why when we officially entered the recession or the challenging situation caused by the financial crisis, I keep asking myself, \"What should we do?\" 20. As production increased, the utility cost could go up too. Ⅱ. Derivation
ROOT WORD dispose consume quantity inflate compete expense -able disposable -ive quantitative expensive -tion consumption inflation competition -tivity Match the words in the table above with the definition below.
1. _______consumption_______________: the act of consuming or the state of being consumed, esp by eating, burning, etc
2. ____disposable__________________: designed for or capable of being thrown away after being used or used up
3. _____quantitive_________________: of or pertaining to the describing or measuring of quantity
4. _____inflation_________________: a persistent, substantial rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value of currency 5. _____expensive_________________: high-priced; costly; dear 6. _______competition_______________: the act of competing; rivalry for supremacy, a prize, etc.
Language in Use
1. It probably is at least in part, but mainly it is probably intended to be fiction or fictionalized biography.
2. It also calls for admitting temporary workers into the country in line with the demands of the economy.
3. Additionally, taxation reduces prosperity in the long run, because it fosters capital consumption over time.
4. The route will be heavily barricaded to keep protesters at bay. 5. I was writing a letter at the moment when he came in. 6. We laid over in Arizona on the way to California. Study the following italicized prepositional phrases and translate into Chinese. 1. I'm at a loss for how to keep peace between my boy and my dog. 我到底该怎么让我的儿子和我的狗和平共处？ 对此我很迷茫。 2. Some college courses are graded in terms of either a pass or a fail. 有些大学课程按及格或不及格评分。
3. We drew this conclusion on the basis of experiments. 我们是在试验的基础上得出这个结论的。
4. For the sake of our long - standing friendship, we are prepared to increase the discount a bit.
看在老关系的份上, 我们愿意把折扣再提高点儿。
5. He seldom appears in public circumstance, he begins the quest of sedulous and evasive
media. 他极少出现在公众场合, 他开始刻意回避媒体的追逐。 6. They were lost at sea and at the mercy of and weather. 他们在海上遇难,任凭风雨的摆布。
Text B
Ⅰ. Match the definitions in Column B with the words on Column A.
1. c 2. a 3. e 4. b 5. f 6. d
Ⅱ. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. 2. 3. 4.
This forced him to ascend directly to the surface. It's important to build trust and to be, to be fully present and authentic. How could she be so practical when he'd just told her something so shattering? President Pierce had tried to unite the different groups in the party by giving each a representative in his cabinet. 5. Every visitor to Georgia is overwhelmed by the kindness, charm, and hospitality of the
people.
6. It seems that computer technology is vital in making visual effects. What if we didn't have it? 7. But you understand what I mean because you've had a remarkable life that no one would signed up for.
8. Markets in stocks and commodities form a vital part of the American economic system. 9. They are ultimate elite performers, displaying grace under pressure. 10. Progressive medicine and humanitarian deeds became the sole purposes of his life. Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. Les Hénokiens is a fraternity of companies that are at least 200 years old, have stayed in the control of one family throughout, are financially healthy, ―modern‖ and are still run by a family member. Les Hénokiens实际上是一个公司联谊组织，成员都有至少200年的历史，它们一直由一个家族控制，从财务上看，这个组织现在依然健康、“现代”，仍由一个家族成员来管理。
2. Each year representatives of the 33 member companies, from seven countries, gather for three days of fun and discussion.
每一年，来自7个国家的33个成员企业的代表们聚会三天，他们在一起娱乐交流。
3. Zildjian Cymbal, of Norwell, Massachusetts, purveyor of cymbals and drumsticks to many of the world's greatest percussionists, was founded in 1623. But that was in Constantinople; the family did not emigrate to America until 1909.
马萨诸赛州诺威尔的Zildjian Cymbal成立于1623年，为世界上许多伟大的打击乐手制造镲和鼓槌。这家企业本在君士坦丁堡，直到1909年才举家迁入美国。
4. The Shore Porters' Society, now a transport firm, whose lorries can be seen all over Europe, was founded in 1498, but for much of its history it was a semi-public body controlled by the town of Aberdeen, only gaining full independence in 1850. How long has it been a genuine business?
肖氏搬运协会成立于1498年，现已成为一家运输公司，他们的运输卡车在欧洲随处可见，但
自成立至今的大部分时间内，它都是一个受阿伯丁镇管理的半公共机构，直到1850年它才完全。真正作为企业，它的寿命是多久呢？
5.Today's biggest, best-known companies are mostly spotty youths by comparison with the ancient firms listed above—not least because their main activities have become possible only since the industrial revolution. 与上面列举的老字号相比，今天最大的著名公司大多只能算是脸上还长着痘痘的青年，他们的主要活动只有在工业后才成为可能。 Text C
Ⅰ.The following are useful words and phrases selected from Text B .the exercises below will help you learn to use them properly.
1. b 2. d 3. f 4. c 5. e 6. a
Ⅱ. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases chosen from the box. Change the form where necessary.
1. Under the new regime in our office, no one is allowed to leave early. 2. 3. 4. 5.
It's much easier to get into a habit than quit it. ―Serve the people‖ is our motto. Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. She'll be interrogated, jailed, interrogated again, get what's usually known as the full treatment. 6. At the premium end of the market, business is booming. 7. I dare say you think me eccentric, or supersensitive, or something absurd. 8. Our goal is to exceed industry requirements and customer expectations. Translation:
Translate the following sentences into Chinese.
1. If you’ve tried all-cabbage soup diets and juice cleanses and still can’t slim down, consider the new diet craze sweeping the nation: cash for weight loss.
如果你已经尝试过所有的卷心菜汤餐和果汁瘦身餐但仍不奏效,那么考虑一下这款全新的席卷全国饮食热潮的减肥餐:金钱减肥法。
3. And a recent study found that employees who joined group weight-loss programs at work for communal cash benefits lost more weight than individuals trying to lose weight for money. 最近的一项研究发现,工作中为了公共资金效益加入减肥计划的员工要比个人为钱努力减肥行为的人们更容易瘦身。
3. After paying a $150 fee, individuals can make $300 after six months if they drop 10 percent of their body fat.
支付150美元的费用后,如果六个月后身体的脂肪率能下降10%，那么就可以挣到300美元。
4. Companies are increasingly trying to manage their health-care costs by rewarding healthy employees—and sometimes by punishing overweight employees or smokers with higher premiums.
公司正越来越多地试图通过对健康指标的奖励来管理员工们的医疗费用——有时也会对体重超标者或吸烟者惩以高额。
7. As behavioral economists have been telling us for years, people aren’t always rational when it comes to making choices. Sometimes a little extra cash can provide the nudge to encourage people to do what they should be doing for the sake of self-preservation.
行为经济学家们多年来一直告诫我们,做选择时人们并不总是理性的。有时一些额外的现金却可以鼓励人们为了自我保护去做他们应该做的事情。
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