新标准大学英语综合教程4 Unit3

Section I Listening Comprehension I. Short conversations

Directions: In this section you’ll hear some short conversations。 Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear。 1. A。 She had practiced a lot。

B。 She had paid high fees。

C. She had modeling experiences。 D. She complained to the right person。 A

2。 A. The man speaks favorably of it， while the woman speaks unfavorably。 B. The woman speaks favorably of it, while the man speaks unfavorably. C. Both the man and the woman speak favorably of it。 D。 Neither the man nor the woman speaks favorably of it. A

3. A。 Only vegetables and fruits。 B. A lot of fish and meat. C。 Traditional diets。 D. New diets。 D

4. A。 She’s a blonde.

B. She envies a blonde's white skin。 C。 She looks dark and unattractive. D。 She looks brown and attractive. D

5. A. Business.

B。 False pride. C. A strong body。 D. Low price。 B

6。 A。 Attend a meeting。

B。 Have an interview。

C。 Attend the graduation ceremony. D. Join a company. C

7. A. Go to watch the final in the TV room.

B。 Go to see a movie since he has two tickets。 C. Go to see the final live since he has two tickets。 D. Give up the watching. C

8。 A. To get the driving license.

B。 To be careful in driving the car。

C。 To have a training of her driving skills。 D. To take her driving license with her. B

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9。 A。 Teacher and student.

B. Father and mother。

C。 Employer and employee.

D。 Shop assistant and customer。 B

10。 A. He agrees with the woman。

B. He doesn't agree with the woman。 C。 He has no idea of that。 D。 He has seen Adam playing。 B

II. Long conversations

Directions： In this section you’ll hear a long conversation or conversations。 Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear. Conversation 1

1. A。 Making a suit for a friend’s wedding。

B。 Making a wedding suit for his wedding. C。 Making a suit for a job interview. D. Making a suit for a funeral。 A

2。 A. Brown。 B。 Black. C. Blue。 D. White。 A

3. A。 Because it will make him stand out from the rest。 B. Because it is common.

C. Because he already has three black suits。 D. Because black is dull。 A

Conversation 2

1。 A。 Because they cannot keep warm。

B。 Because you cannot wear them to the office or walking down the street。 C. Because they are not beautiful.

D。 Because they only suit rich people. B

2. A. The designers can meet each other there。

B. The designers can find business partners there。 C. It is a great advertising compaign.

D。 It gives the designers a chance to show what they would like to see people wearing. B

3。 A. For publicity。

B。 For personal interest。

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C。 For enriching people’s imagination. D。 For stretching their own imagination。 A

Conversation 3

1。 A. A scarf and earrings.

B. A scarf， earrings and an anklet。 C。 A scarf and bracelet。 D。 Earrings and a bracelet。 C

2。 A. She is a fashion victim。 B。 She is not a fashion victim。 C。 She has no sense of fashion. D。 She has a lot of sense of fashion. B

3. A. A plain coat, jeans and high heels。 B. A dress， jeans and high heels。

C。 A plain top, jeans， and high heels with a flower printed. D。 Jeans and high heels。 C

4. A。 $20。 B. ＄80. C. $160。 D. ＄200。 C

III. Understanding Passages

Directions: In this section you'll hear a passage or passages. Listen carefully and choose the best answer to the questions you hear。 Passage 1

1. A。 Clothes are fantasy. B。 Clothes are like art。

C. Clothes are just practical things to keep people covered. D。 Clothes aren’t ordinary cover—up objects. C

2。 A. Wu is a 24—year—old senior at Parsons。 B. Wu is an Asian designer.

C。 Wu is going to be interviewed by the speaker.

D. Wu says that the luxury market has shifted toward Europe。 D

3。 A. Clothing is your life.

B. Clothing is a means of human expression and connection. C. Fashion is like art. D. Clothes are fantasy。

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A Passage 2

1. A. Su is a sophomore in a prestigious university. B。 Su has been working as a nude model for a year. C. Su is from a well—to-do family.

D。 Su earns 500 yuan a day working as a nude model. C

2. A. Su has held an exhibition to show the history of nude models.

B. Su has held a debate on campus.

C. Su has exhibited her nude photos and videos。

D. Su has held an art exhibition to show the works of her classmates. C

3。 A。 Because there are potential dangers that the nude images could be misused and even

illegally distributed.

B. Because it is a declining career。

C。 Because the career is not a stable one.

D. Because she cannot earn enough money to live. A

4。 A. Because she earns money from her work。

B。 Because she can put her thoughts in studies to her work and deserves respect。 C. Because she should show her beauty to the world。 D. Because she has the right to do what she likes。 B

Passage 3

1. A。 It takes their lives。 B. It ruins their health.

C。 It makes them depressed. D. It ruins their appetite。 B

2。 A. 20%。

B. 50%. C. 79%。 D。 80%。 D

3。 A。 How fashion ruins its models。

B. How to prevent the damages from fashion. C。 How fashion damages ordinary women.

D。 How fashion does harm to its two groups of victims. D

4. A。 Approval.

B. Neutral。 C. Disapproval. D。 Indifferent。

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C Passage 4

1。 A。 A significant amount of time investment。 B. A lot of efforts investment. C。 A lot of savings investment. D。 Her failure to be creative. C

2。 A. She borrowed money from her friends。

B. She asked her relatives for help。

C. She put her own savings into the business. D。 She cut back on the costs。 C

3。 A. Packaging costs。

B. Shipping costs.

C。 Taxes and tariffs。 D。 Employment costs。 D

Passage 5

1。 A。 It cannot be eaten. B。 It cannot be worn。

C。 It reflects Lady Gaga's fashion history。 D。 It is very big。 C

2。 A. In the morning.

B. When Lady Gaga is enjoying her birthday party. C。 When Lady Gaga is having a concert that night。 D。 After the concert。 C

3。 A。 The special cake。

B。 Good wishes from her friends。

C。 Being together with her fans and friends on stage。 D。 Being with her family. C

IV. Compound Dictation

Directions： In this section you will hear a passage or passages three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea。 When the passage is read for the second time， you are required to fill in the blanks with the information you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written。 Passage 1

Fashion designers help create the billions of dresses， suits， shoes， and other clothing and accessories （配饰） purchased every year by consumers。 They study fashion （1） , sketch

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designs of clothing and accessories， （2） colors and fabrics （纤维织物), and oversee the final production of their designs。 Clothing designers create and help produce people’s clothing, including （3） wear, suits, sportswear， formalwear, outerwear， and intimate clothing。 Footwear designers help create and produce different （4） of shoes and boots。 Accessory designers help create and produce （5） such as handbags, belts， scarves, and hats, which (6）

the finishing touches to an outfit. Some fashion designers （7） in clothing， footwear, or accessory design， but others create designs in all three fashion (8） 。

The design process from initial design concept to final production takes between 18 and 24 months。(9） 。 Some designers conduct their own research， while others rely on trend reports published by fashion industry trade groups. (10） 。 Textile （纺织品） manufacturers use these trend reports to begin designing fabrics and patterns while fashion designers begin to sketch preliminary designs. （11） . Once designs and fabrics are chosen， a prototype (原型，模范) of the article using cheaper materials is created。

Keys:

(1)trends （2)select (3）casual （4)styles （5) items (6）add （7) specialize (8）categories

(9)The first step in creating a design is researching current fashion and making predictions of future trends

（10)Trend reports indicate what styles and colors, and fabrics will be popular for a particular season in the future

（11)Designers then visit manufacturers or trade shows to get samples of fabrics and decide which fabrics to use with which designs

Passage 2

The name Christian Dior is considered by many to be the most recognized name in fashion. Its founder， Christian Dior was born in 1905 in the small town of Granville in Normandy, France。 Dior spent some time as an artist and （1) a gallery in 1928， with generous financing by his father. Hard times were just around the （2） though。 The Great Depression resulted in the （3) of the family business， forcing them to sell （4）

everything they owned。 Dior moved in with a friend and soon began （5） his attention to the fashion industry. After being （6） from army service in 1940， he returned to Paris in 1941 and （7） employment with the fashion house of Lucien Lelong. In 1946 Marcel Boussac， the richest man in France at the time， provided （8) financial backing for Dior to launch his own fashion house。 Dior's first clothing line released in 1947 was an overwhelming success， winning favor for the designer, both in Europe and the distant USA. (9） 。 Wider global expansion followed shortly after。 In 1948 Dior launched a perfume line which proved to be a great success。 (10） . Dior was

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preparing for retirement when a heart attack took his life in 1957. Later the group experienced

many ups and downs over the years。 (11） 。

Keys：

（1)launched (2）corner (3)bankruptcy （4）virtually （5）directing （6)discharged （7）secured (8）substantial

（9）Not surprisingly, in 1949 Dior established a presence in New York and soon expanded again to London in 1952

(10） And in a 1950 decision he expanded the brand into fashion accessories like hats, ties and handbags

(11) Despite all these， Dior is still considered as one of the most popular and innovative fashion houses in the world

Section II Vocabulary

V. Blank filling (with the correct form）

Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with the correct form of the words given in the brackets.

1. Do not think too highly of yourself, and yet, never ____________ your ability。 (estimate） Key: underestimate

2. After World War I there was a general ____________ of youth against “old-fashioned” ideas,

particularly patriarchal family relationships。 （rebel） Key: rebellion

3. What you do is important to you， for it will be your creation and expression of your

____________。 （individual） Key： individuality

4. Errors are ____________ incidents in the course of scientific research. (escape) Key： inescapable

5. Children grow up feeling ____________ as they are moved back and forth between parents。

(settle） Key: unsettled

6. With the rapid development of economy and growth of population recently, the problem of

water resources shortage， water environment ____________, drought and flood becomes more and more acute. (deteriorate) Key： deterioration

7. In the most primitive society in the forest, the function of human is ____________。 (restrict） Key: restricted

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8. He ____________ the biography of the basketball star. （drama） Key: dramatized

9. You wish your partner would ____________ become the person you want him to be， but he

won’t。 (magic) Key： magically

10. All the accommodation available was at our ____________。 (dispose) Key: disposal

11. It is rumoured that the accident was due to ____________。 (neglect） Key: negligence

12. Now， as the chairman of the Ski Village, in the city, he ____________ over the largest

winter—sports recreation ground. （president) Key： presides

13. Once upon a time there lived a foolish king and a famous ____________. (magic) Key： magician

14. I regret that a previous ____________ prevents me from accepting your kind invitation.

（engage） Key: engagement

15. The new treatment could ____________ alter the life of people suffering from the disease。

（drama） Key: dramatically

16. Our English teacher recently watched a boy who always cheated in the ____________ test。

(dictate) Key： dictation

17. Politically these nations tend to be ____________, with very high birth rates but poor

education and very low levels of literacy. （stable） Key: unstable

18. How can we ____________ children to become autonomous learners？ (power） Key： empower

19. That was the extreme southern limit attained by the ____________ traveller. （courage） Key: courageous

20. A silk hat， a black coat and a hard white collar are said to be signs of ____________。

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（respectable） Key： respectability

VI. Choosing the right word

Directions: Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in the box。 ubiquitous deteriorated visible turns out hard and fast exclusively dictated unsettled underestimate chancing upon 1. It is known to all that interest is the best teacher， but a large number of college English

teachers ____________ the effect of interest and keep preaching in class。

2. The social conflict is a ____________ phenomenon in the social changes， and one of the

important subjects which the sociology research institute cares about too.

3. Finally at the meeting, they cleared up the problem that remained ____________ for years。 4. Information systems have played an increasingly ____________ role over the past several

years in improving the competitiveness of business。

5. The marine environment here has ____________ due to crude oil leakage. 6. We must make it a ____________ rule against smoking in the office.

7. Much of the information that people assume is “factual\" actually ____________ to be

inaccurate.

8. He was delighted at ____________ an old friend in such an unlikely place。

9. The police ____________ where the large, noisy crowd should stand during the parade。 10. They feed almost ____________ on dead vegetation other than meat。 Key:

1。 underestimate 6。 hard and fast 2。 ubiquitous 7. turns out 3. unsettled 8。 chancing upon 4。 visible 9。 dictated 5。 deteriorated 10。 exclusively restricted predominant backlash dramatically wore away lavish deteriorate dictate index turned out 1. He warns that the situation of the flood victims will ____________ further unless the

international community acts quickly。

2. The young heir was warned that he would soon have nothing left if he continued to be

____________ with money.

3. My son always tries to ____________ to his friends when they play together。

4. Genetic analysis of the new swine flu virus has shown that it differs ____________ from

previous seasonal viruses。

5. The delicate workmanship ____________ through the time not only in the art field， but also

in any business field。

6. The man displayed what ____________ to be a toy gun and demanded money from the teller. 7. The Conference Board said its consumer confidence ____________ had its biggest jump in

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six years in May.

8. Education will play a more and more ____________ role in social and economic

development。

9. The Justice Minister earlier expressed concern that the case could trigger a ____________

from the Japanese public。

10. Some people believe that air travel should be ____________ because it causes serious

pollution and uses up the world’s fuel resources。

Key：

1. deteriorate 6. turned out 2. lavish 7。 index 3。 dictate 8。 predominant 4. dramatically 9。 backlash 5. wore away 10. restricted

VII。 Multiple choices

Directions： Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A， B， C and D.

1. We do not favour overstressing the importance of literature and art, but neither do we favour

____________ their importance. A. underestimating B. overstating C. appreciating D. depreciating Key: A

2. Don’t ___________ the seriousness of the problem， actually it’s no big deal。

A. underestimate B. degrade

C. overestimate D. emphasize Key： C

3. I was totally mixed up by his ____________ and ambiguous remarks.

A. ubiquitous B. unsettled C. daring D. elusive Key: D

4. Most of the iceberg's bulk is hidden below the water， so their underwater parts may extend

out far beyond the ____________ top。 A. visible B. obvious

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C. predominant D. elusive Key： A

5. Rapid energy consumption will not only ____________ the environment, but also trigger

serious social problems。 A. extract B. spoil C. dispose D. deteriorate Key: D

6. Do you think Chinese actors are ____________ to kungfu films in order to succeed in

Hollywood? A. disposed B. exclusive C. ubiquitous D. restricted Key: D

7. The cost of his ____________ lifestyle took a tremendous toll on his fortunes.

A. informal B. lavish C. respectable D. luminous Key： B

8. His extremely original and ____________ designs focus on the effect of the dress rather than

the wearer， making him a true loner in the Italian fashion world. A. elusive B. magic C. lavish D. daring Key: D

9. Despite a lack of ____________ education， she was far from stupid.

A. higher B. regular C. formal D. college Key: C

10. We don’t want to rule over others， ____________ to them, or try to control their beliefs.

A. preside

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B. dispose C. dictate D. predominate Key： C

11. The consumer price ____________， a key inflation measurement, rose 2 per cent in urban

areas and 1.7 per cent in rural areas, the bureau said yesterday. A. commission B. figure C. power D. index Key： D

12. There are no ____________ dietary rules necessary to begin the practice of yoga。

A. boom and bust B. prim and proper C. hard and fast D. safe and sound Key： C

13. Once the impression had been made， it remained with time until it ____________， leaving

a smooth surface once more。 A. wore away B. wore up C. turned away D. turned out Key: A

14. It ____________ that there had been two Marines with the same name and similar number in

the camp。 A. showed up B. happened to C. turned out D. sparked off Key： C

15. Sometimes when making plans， things don’t always ____________ as we have planned。

A. turn out B. tune out C. show up D. turn up Key: A

16. Our washing machine ____________ yesterday and flooded the kitchen。

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A. turned on B. broke down C. collapsed up D. fell apart Key： B

17. For most ____________ dinners， you should wear comfortable and casual clothes。

A. formal B. banquet C. casual D. informal Key: D

18. This is her first time cooking without a recipe and she cannot predict how it will

____________。 A. work out B. turn out C. figure out D. make out Key： B

19. Mary has no outside interest at all。 Her whole life ____________ her husband and the

children.

A. centres on B. turns on

C. concentrates around D. revolves around Key: D

20. By admitting that he had not thoroughly studied the facts， the speaker ____________ his

opponent’s hands. A. fell into B. played into C. fell into D. ran into Key： B

21. As Jim approached even closer, he noticed that the man was picking up starfish that had been

____________ on the beach and， one at a time, he threw them back into the water. A. washed up B. washed away C. moved up D. turned up Key: A

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22. ____________ cycles are inherent in market economies and cannot be prevented completely。

A. Prim and proper B. Hard and fast C. Boom and bust D. Life and death Key: C

23. On the other hand， people might ____________ their children after a respected older relative

or even a famous person. A. call B. entitle C. address D. name Key： D

24. He hoped the damage had not occurred through ____________ in the hotel garage.

A. deterioration B. mindfulness C. negligence D. disposal Key： C

25. The TV series ____________ how investing in a home becomes an issue for extended family

as well.

A. underestimates B. dictates C. dramatizes D. revives Key： C

26. The survivor of a shipwreck was ____________ on a small， uninhabited island。

A. washed up B. washed away C. found out D. showed up Key: A

27. The ____________ has approved a defense report that urges the country to quickly finish

building a missile defense system to counter the potential threat from other countries. A. cabinet B. cupboard C. closet D. chamber

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Key: A

28. Urban problems ____________ meeting the needs of the existing inhabitants and replacing

old and obsolete facilities， especially housing。 A. centre around B. turn around

C. concentrate around D. revolve around Key: D

29. But, as any machine, a robot can ____________ and even cause disaster.

A. break up B. fall down C. break down D. collapse apart Key: C

30. Scientists， on the other hand， know that their job is never finished and that even the best

theory can ____________ to be wrong。 A. find out B. try out C. turn out D. work out Key： C

31. The explosive was ____________ by someone striking a match to light up a cigarette.

A. put off B. broken out C. started out D. sparked off Key: D

32. Friction ____________ metal in the moving parts which shortens their working life.

A. erodes away B. eats away C. wears away D. tears away Key： C

33. The story of a poor family that acquired fame and fortune overnight illustrates the

____________ power of the press。 A. rapid B. dramatic C. huge

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D. enormous Key： B

34. Your choices are yours to make and can never be ____________ by others。

A. empowered B. presided C. disposed D. dictated Key: D

35. You need not ____________ kindness on those ungrateful people.

A. suspend B. lavish C. engage D. render Key： B

36. A second session of the summit dealt ____________ with the world’s poorest continent。

A. exclusively B. vastly C. loosely D. exactly Key: A

37. A round-the—clock television channel devoted ____________ to aging, dying and death is to

be launched in Germany。 A. entirely

B. predominantly C. successfully D. exclusively Key: D

38. What you do is important to you， for it will be your creation and expression of your

____________。 A. identity B. character C. individualism D. individuality Key: D

39. Website claims that no members shall use the relevant documents for illegal purposes, or else

it would ____________ the service. A. stop B. halt

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C. suspend D. cease Key: C

40. In this country, the scale of alcohol is ____________ to people over the age of 18。

A. restrained B. restricted C. resumed D. restored Key: B

Section III Structure

VIII. Complete the sentences

Directions: Complete the sentences by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets。

1. One of the greatest mistakes you can ever make is ____________ （低估自己的才华和潜

能)。

Key: underestimating your talent and potential

2. ____________ (你的买卖失败是不可避免的） unless you change your way of management

at once.

Key： Your failure in the business is inescapable

3. People around the world must act immediately to ____________ (防止情况进一步恶化). Key： prevent the situation from deteriorating even further

4. ____________ （随着现在城市环境的日益恶化)， ecological landscape design attract

people’s attention more and more。

Key： With the urban environment deteriorating today

5. The panel’s reports suggested that the database ____________ (由一个的机构专门监

管)。

Key： (should) be overseen exclusively by an independent authority

6. It's an open question whether atmospheric, oceanic or other causal factors ____________ （极

大地改变飓风发生的频度和强度)。

Key: have dramatically changed the frequency or intensity of hurricanes

7. The teacher said that ____________ (有严格规定禁止吸烟) at school。 Key: there was a hard and fast rule against smoking

8. The employees they once considered as young， selfish and uncomfortable ____________

（结果证明是有责任的，精力充沛的团体成员)。

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Key: turn out to be responsible， energetic team players

9. ____________ (如果其中一台计算机坏了)， the whole network would be unable to work. Key: If one of the computers broke down

10. The story ____________ (围绕着一个并未犯罪却被判处死刑的男人） and the lengths that

his brother would go to save him.

Key： revolved around a man who was sentenced to death for a crime he did not commit

11. But if you decide to be strong, ____________ (苦难会是一笔财富） on which new hopes

will arise。

Key: the hardship will turn out to be a fortune

12. The structure and working principle of the device for assembling are introduced and

____________ （经实践证明，此方法安全、可靠）。 Key： it turns out to be safe， reliable in practice

13. We should remember a worthy proverb “___________ （滴水穿石）.\" Key： constant dropping of water wears away a stone

14. Researchers looking at the effects of cannabis on bones have found ____________ (它的影响

随着年纪增长显著不同)。

Key： its impact varies dramatically with age

15. Christmas provided families with a day when ____________ （他们能够慷慨给予孩子们关

心和礼物) without appearing to “spoil\" them。

Key： they could lavish attention and gifts on their children

IX。 Multiple choices

Directions: Choose the best answer from the four choices marked A， B, C and D。

1. There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than that

____________ in the public mind today. A. exists B. exist C. existing D. to exist Key: A

2. The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully—loaded truck,

____________ to the truck。 A. the greater stress is B. greater is the stress

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C. the stress is greater D. the greater the stress is Key： D

3. ____________ their policy can be changed, the future for that country will be indeed bleak.

A. Even if B. Unless C. Now that D. As long as Key: B

4. He never hesitates to make ____________ criticisms ____________ are considered helpful to

others.

A. so … that B. so… as

C. such … that D. such… as Key: C

5. They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of time,

____________ is something we had not expected。 A. which B. it C. that D. what Key: A

6. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ____________ is needed for

quality control can be substantially reduced. A. whose B. as C. what D. that Key： D

7. So badly ____________ in the car accident that he had to stay in hospital for a few months。

A. did he injure B. injured him C. was he injured D. he was injured Key: C

8. For some time now， world leaders ____________ out the necessity for agreement on arms

reduction。

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A. had been pointing B. have been pointing C. were pointing D. pointed Key： B

9. This may have preserved the elephant from being wiped out as well as other animals

____________ in Africa。 A. hunted B. hunting C. that hunted D. are hunted Key： A

10. I never regretted ____________ the offer， for it was not where my interest lay。

A. not to accept

B. not having accepted C. having not accepted D. not accepting Key： B

11. ____________ mainly for the invention of the telephone, Alexander Graham Bell devoted his

life to helping the deaf. A. He is remembered B. To remember

C. While remembering D. Though remembered Key： D

12. It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ____________ going to agree upon anything

today.

A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. neither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are Key： C

13. The idea of travelling through ____________ space to other planets interests many people

today。 A. a B. the C. / D. one Key： C

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14. Because fuel supplies are finite and many people are wasteful， we will have to install

____________ solar heating devices in our home。 A. some type of B. some types of C. any type of D. any types of Key： A

15. If the whole programme ____________ beforehand， a great deal of time and money would

have been lost。

A. was not planned B. were not planned C. would not be planned D. had not been planned Key: D

X。 Blank filling （with the appropriate preposition or adverb)

Directions： Fill in the blanks in the following sentences with an appropriate preposition or adverb。 Fill in each blank with only ONE word. Fill in the blanks with proper

prepositions and adverbs。

1. One day he chanced ____________ Emma’s diary and began reading it. Key： upon

2. Wandering in the garden one day， he chanced ____________ his sister—in-law sketching

with watercolours. Key: upon

3. To his astonishment， the author turned ____________ to be a young girl. Key： out

4. The management decision sparked ____________ a series of damaging strikes。 Key: off

5. After many years， rocks break ____________ into dirt。 Key: down

6. Though you are， in fact, wonderful， the world does not actually revolve ____________

you。 Key: around

7. In doing so， he knew he would play ____________ the hands of his opponents. Key: into

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8. After the storm, there was a lot of driftwood washed ____________ on the shore. Key: up

9. For them, questions of public morality often revolve ____________ what it means to be a

decent, tolerant society。 Key： around

10. I have some good news to tell you that there is going to be a medicine named ____________

you. Key: after

11. Chemicals in our body break ____________ the food we eat so we can absorb it. Key: down

12. Who is to preside ____________ the meeting hasn’t been decided。 Key： over

13. The incoming tide washed ____________ cargo from the wrecked ship。 Key： up

14. If parents allow their children to misbehave, they’re just playing ____________ their hands. Key： into

15. The alliance could break ____________ before the five years expire。 Key: down

16. The safe disposal ____________ all medical waste requires particular attention。 Key: of

17. We will use all the means ____________ our disposal to solve this dispute。 Key： at

18. When two metal parts move over each other, they will wear ____________ rapidly. Key： away

19. The village is named ____________ the high mountain that stands in front of it. Key： after

20. My patience is almost worn ____________ by their endless quarrel. Key： away

Section IV Fast reading

XI. Fast reading (Multiple choices + Blank Filling）

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Directions: Read the following passages and then answer the questions。 For questions 1-7， choose the best answer from the four choices marked A， B, C and D。 For questions 8-10， complete the sentences with the information given in the passage。 Passage 1

Sustainable communities According to the World Wildlife Fund， people are currently using resources 25 per cent faster than they can be replaced。 If we continue down this course, we will need a second planet by the year 2050。 Sustainable communities attempt to change that course by drastically altering how citizens interact with the environment。

Alternatively known as green communities or eco—villages， sustainable communities vary in their approaches to sustainable living， or a way of life that meets the population’s basic needs in ways that can be continued indefinitely for future generations。 Some communities focus solely on enriching the environment, while others also aim to improve social and economic conditions as well.

Characteristics of sustainable living communities

Sustainable communities generally strive to minimize waste， reduce consumption and preserve open space. Ideally， they don’t use resources faster than they can be replenished, and they don't produce waste faster than it can be assimilated back into the environment. Granted， some communities are more radical than others — living entirely off the grid and avoiding the use of government-printed money — but the basic principles are similar.

Designing the neighbourhood to encourage walking or bicycling is one way sustainable communities put these first two principles into practice。 Less driving means less gas and reduced emissions. Many eco—villages also incorporate work space into homes or encourage telecommuting. They also might zone part of the development for commercial use, essentially making the community a self—contained environment where residents don’t even have to leave for shopping or entertainment. This design sometimes is called a live—work—play lifestyle.

Using green building techniques is another staple of sustainable communities. Here are a few examples：

 Architects design buildings to take advantage of the sun’s lighting and heating

capabilities.

 They install energy-efficient appliances.

 They try to use local sources of materials as much as possible to cut back on the

environmental costs of transport。

 They build with durable, non—toxic materials that have either been recycled or

sustainably harvested. You might see straw bale (草捆） houses， which essentially use bales of straw as the structural building blocks; cob houses， which are a mix of straw, clay and sand or earth bag homes， which are exactly what they sound like, homes made out of bags of dirt。

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Along with green building techniques， sustainable communities rely on green gardening methods. They landscape with native, drought—tolerant plants and raise them organically to reduce water and keep pesticides and herbicides out of the environment.

Many communities also set aside a significant portion of their land as open space。 Serenbe， for example, reserves 80 per cent of its 900 acres for green space; that is 720 acres of rolling hills， woods and streams free of development — quite a contrast to the concrete-laden urban sprawl of Atlanta just 32 miles away。

Another way sustainable communities reduce their ecological footprint is by capturing and recycling their wastes， often creating their own contained natural cycles。 Instead of treating normally perceived waste products such as rainwater and sewage as pollution to be gotten rid of， residents turn them into resources。 Sewage， for example, is turned into compost （混合肥料） that fertilizes plants and increases soil productivity, while captured rainwater is cleansed through innovative filtering systems and reused for watering plants。 Examples of sustainable communities

More than 400 eco-villages exist in the world， according to the Global Eco—village Network database。 The following examples outline life in just two of these communities.

Dancing Rabbit Eco-village, Missouri Dancing Rabbit Eco—village is a developing 280—acre community in northeastern Missouri with far-reaching goals。 It aims to be an entirely self-reliant town that practices “radical environmental sustainability”, according to the community’s website. The town’s founders hope to attract between 500 and 1，000 residents to create a diverse community more capable of providing for all of its own needs. Dancing Rabbit even has its own local currency to encourage local trading and sourcing of jobs.

The eco-village has established a set of six guidelines that may seem extreme to the lazy environmentalists among us， but should set the town well on its way towards achieving sustainability.

1. No vehicles are to be used or stored in the village.

2. Fossil fuels for cars， refrigeration， heating and cooling homes， as well as heating

domestic water aren’t allowed。 3. All gardening must be organic.

4. All power must come from renewable resources。

5. No lumber from outside the local area is allowed unless it is recycled or salvaged.

6. Organic waste and recyclable materials are to be reincorporated into usable products through

composting methods。 Long term， Dancing Rabbit citizens are trying to achieve negative population growth. If they want the current 50 or so residents to become 500 or 1,000, they may want to rethink that last guideline。

Los Angeles Eco-village, California You might think sustainable communities have to be set in the country, but that’s not true. Located just three miles west of downtown Los Angeles， the Los Angeles Eco-village (LAEV) is a community of 500 residents seeking to have minimal impact on

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the environment while also providing a fulfilling way of life. The urban location near public transit, schools, churches， commercial services and industry helps residents drive less, while the dozens of gardens and fruit trees provide a local source of food.

LAEV takes a whole-systems approach to sustainability, meaning that residents strive to balance the social， economic and environmental needs of the community。 Here， clean water and air rank up there with close—knit relationships， ethnic diversity and affordable housing. Citizens have saved 20 tons of brick from the landfill to use in construction projects, composted over 100 cubic yards of yard waste and held countless weekly potluck dinners to establish and strengthen relationships. Who knew that sustainability could be possible even in one of the largest, most polluted cities in the United States？ Other eco—friendly communities

Residents of the two sustainable communities we just discussed deliberately placed sustainability at the top of their agenda。 But communities spring up for lots of reasons not related to the environment, and sometimes the Earth benefits。

Before “green” was the new buzzword and sustainability was cool， Old Order Amish communities were quietly co-existing with the planet since the early 18th century. While members of this religious group didn’t consciously develop their way of life to help the environment， their simple farm—based living doesn't hurt it.

The Amish used horses to power their farm equipment and to get around。 Their homes had no electricity； instead， they used lanterns for light. In stark contrast to the rampant consumerism visible in many countries, the Amish did not own things they didn't need。 They wore simple clothes, and their houses were sparsely furnished. Amish communities didn’t have to “return to the earth\" to achieve their brand of sustainability. They were there all along.

Cohousing developments offer another example of a living arrangement that unwittingly (未觉察地) practices sustainability。 These developments typically are designed to encourage and strengthen social relationships, rather than to tread lightly on the environment, but， as it turns out， the two often go hand in hand。 Although residents in a cohousing development enjoy the privacy of their own homes， they share a common building and other resources。

Sharing major appliances like washing machines， power tools and heavy exercise equipment forces you to interact with your neighbours while reducing resource use。 In addition, it allows individual houses to be smaller, which， along with the clustered arrangement of homes， preserves land. People who own cars （some people share cars) park them on the sides of the neighbourhood to create a pedestrian friendly environment safe for children. Several times a week, residents may also eat a shared meal in the common building to strengthen ties。 Cooking for many on one stove is much more energy efficient than cooking for 20 on separate stoves。

1. What will happen in the middle of the 21st century， if we consume resources much faster

than their replacement according to the passage？ A. We can have two planets.

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B。 We will use up resources on Earth。 C。 We will work out replaceable resources. D. The Earth will be too crowded to live on。 B

2. In order to save resources， sustainable communities encourage people _____. A。 not to contact with friends B. not to eat out

C。 to integrate the function of working and living into homes D。 to forbid driving within the sustainable communities C

3. Green building techniques require ________。 A. architects to make full use of sun light B。 people to avoid using electrical appliances C。 architects to employ local labors

D. businessmen to resist poisonous building materials A

4. How is sustainable public space developed in Serenbe？ A。 People plant trees and make water flow in that space。 B。 Citizens can grow trees freely in the space.

C。 Concrete walls are built outside the place for a protection. D. Natural things in that space develop without human disturbance. D

5. In sustainable communities， rainwater is regarded as ________. A。 a replacement for drinking water B。 a fertilizer to enrich soil C. a renewable resource D. a waste product C

6. In what way is Dancing Rabbit Eco-village radical in its development? A. It’s the first eco-village to establish the community’s website。

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B。 The village wants to be independent by circulating its own currency. C. The village allows as many as 1，000 residents to live there。 D. The village tends to be self-reliant by creating all it needs。 D

7. How many residents are living in Dancing Rabbit Eco-village now? A. About half a hundred。 B. About one hundred. C. About five hundred。 D。 About one thousand。 A

8。 LAEV’s location near downtown offers it both convenient transportation and __________。 9. Residents of Old Order Amish communities began unconsciously to practice sustainable living from ________。

10。 By sharing important appliances with neighbours， you can communicate with them as well as _____。

Key： 1. B 2。 C 3. A 4。 D 5. C 6。 D 7。 A 8. a local source of food 9。 the early 18th century 10。 reduce resource use

Passage 2

How vegetarians work Vegetarianism seems more popular than ever. About 8 million Americans consider themselves vegetarians, and an increasing number of them are young people — often the children of vegetarians or kids who’ve decided to become one on their own. But some question whether vegetarianism is a healthy diet for a growing child。

There are many reasons why people choose a vegetarian lifestyle, including health concerns and love for animals. Whatever the reason, their numbers are surprisingly high， especially for girls。 The American Dietetic Association estimates that a whopping (极大的） 11 per cent of girls, aged 13 to 17， have given up meat and meat products.

Children and teenagers declare themselves vegetarian to assert dietary independence from their parents. Vegetarian cosmetics and cruelty—free clothes fill corner drugstores and high—end shops。 But although vegetarianism is trendy, sometimes rebellious and decidedly modern， it’s actually one of the earliest diets. Some cultures have subsisted (存活) without meat for millennia. Socrates, Plato, Leonardo da Vinci, Charles Darwin and Thomas Edison were all vegetarians。 The vegetarian diet

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The vegetarian diet is straightforward enough： Vegetarians do not eat meat. Some people who avoid beef and pork but still eat poultry or fish mistakenly consider themselves vegetarians. Although vegetarianism has varying degrees， the diet’s core principle is abstention from all meat。 Most vegetarians are lacto—ovo-vegetarians - they do not eat meat but they allow dairy products and eggs. Lacto—vegetarians allow dairy, and ovo-vegetarians allow eggs。 Vegans take basic vegetarianism several steps further. Instead of abstaining only from eating fish and meat, vegans avoid eating, wearing or using any animal products. This means no eggs or dairy， no honey, no leather， fur, wool or silk， and no cosmetics or chemicals tested on animals。 There is， however, plenty for vegetarians to eat。 Lacto-ovo—vegetarians eat fruit， vegetables, grains， nuts， seeds, legumes, dairy and eggs。 They eat meat substitutes like soybean-based tofu and tempeh, seitan， and wheat protein。 As far as vegans are concerned， the Vegan Society recommends healthy servings of vegetables, fruits, grains， legumes， oils and fortified nondairy products like soy milk. Some vegans also eat tempeh， tofu or seitan. Vegans also take supplements of vitamin B12， vitamin D and calcium to make up for any dietary deficiencies. Ethnic cooking’s growing popularity has also opened up a world of new vegetarian foods to vegetarians and meat—eaters alike。 Middle Eastern， North African, Indian and Asian foods are often vegetarian or easily can be made so. Reasons for vegetarianism

Even with vegetarianism’s various degrees of strictness, the core diet is simply abstention from meat. But that one decision - the decision not to eat meat - can have a lot behind it. Vegetarians choose their diet for many reasons。 Some are health—conscious， some believe animal agriculture hurts the environment and others have moral or religious objections to meat. Vegetarianism has become a popular health diet. Vegetarian favourites like fruit， vegetables， whole grains, and legumes are low in fat and cholesterol （胆固醇） and rich in fiber, vitamins C and E。 The American Dietetic Association even reports that vegetarians have lower blood pressure， cholesterol and body mass indexes than non—vegetarians. Of course， no diet is automatically healthy。 Vegetarians must make sure they take in enough protein， calcium and vitamin B12 without overindulging in fatty, high-calorie foods like cheese.

Many vegetarians are as concerned with the Earth’s well-being as they are with their own. Some vegetarians choose the diet for environmental reasons because they believe traditional agriculture has less of an ecological impact than animal agriculture.

People usually try not to think about where their meat comes from。 It can be unpleasant to imagine your hamburger as a wide-eyed cow in the pasture， let alone as an unhealthy animal in a cramped factory farm. But for many vegetarians， disassociation or denial is impossible. They often feel morally unable to eat animals slaughtered for their meat。 Vegans take their ethical objections a step further and refuse to eat dairy or eggs from animals that they believe have led unnaturally short and unhappy lives。

Some of vegetarianism's ethical concerns have spread to the mainstream. Even steadfast meat-eaters often like the idea of free—range chicken or cage—free eggs - animal husbandry techniques that promise a more compassionate alternative to traditional factory farming。

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Vegetarians have long chosen the diet for ethical reasons. Although the first practitioners only temporarily avoided meat for purification, the first regular vegetarians began the diet after philosophical awakenings in the Eastern Mediterranean region and India.

The philosopher Pythagoras of Samos taught vegetarianism to his followers。 Pythagoras believed that because we are related to animals， we should treat them with kindness。 Many other famous philosophers agreed — Plato, Epicurus and Plutarch condemned animal sacrifice and avoided eating meat。

In India， the Buddhist religions teach that humans should not kill living creatures for food. Although Buddhism later declined in India, vegetarianism remained and spread among people. Many upper classes and some lower classes adopted the virtue of harmlessness, which forbade hurting living things。

But how did vegetarianism transform into a health movement in the 19th century and an animal rights issue in the 20th？

The modern vegetarian movement

Today vegetarianism is trendy — 25 per cent of adolescents even think it's “cool\". The success of vegetarian cosmetics and vegetarian foods like veggie dogs and tofu is a testament to the diet’s popularity。 Groups that promote vegetarianism and animal rights， like the Humane Society of the United States （HSUS） and People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA)， have tremendous lobbying （游说） power with major companies. But vegetarianism hasn’t always been so generally accepted, nor has it always been linked with the animal-rights movement. In 17th— and 18th-century Europe， some Protestant groups embraced vegetarianism as a moral directive — a way to be sinless。 By the 19th century, European and North American vegetarianism had become a fringe （外围的) health movement。 Adherents promoted the dietary benefits of vegetarianism — even coupling it with temperance and anti-tobacco movements. Modern organized vegetarianism began with the formation of the Vegetarian Society in 1847 by the Bible Christian Sect of England。 Within a year， the Society had 478 members。 It wasn’t until the mid 20th century that vegetarianism partnered with animal rights movement。 America’s most notorious animal rights organization， PETA, vigorously protests against all meat， animal products and animal testing。 It is best known for its bold ad campaigns。 The HSUS takes a less strict approach. It accepts that people will eat meat and focus instead on reducing meat consumption， replacing animal products and improving farming techniques。 Both PETA and the HSUS, however， are powerful political machines： They hold stock in companies like Tyson, Wal—Mart, McDonald’s and Smithfield’s. The modern vegetarian movement is getting ever more powerful.

1. Who are enthusiastic about becoming a vegetarian in America now？ A。 Males falling ill.

B。 Females during their adolescence。 C。 People owning pets at home。 D. Males in their early 20s.

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B

2. It turns out that vegetarianism can date back as far as ______. A. thousands of years ago B。 a thousand years ago C。 ten centuries ago D。 one century ago A

3. Which of the following group can be counted as vegetarians？ A。 People who don’t eat all kinds of meat. B。 People who dislike pork and milk. C。 People who eat beef only。 D. People who eat fish instead of red meat. A

4. Unlike lacto—ovo-vegetarians, vegans avoid consuming ______. A。 vitamins and calcium B. tofu and grains

C。 milk products and eggs D. soy milk and fruits C

5. What advantages does vegetarianism have over non-vegetarians according to the American

Dietetic Association? A。 Lower blood pressure and cholesterol. B。 Higher level of vitamin absorption。 C. Less demand of calcium。 D。 Healthier state of mind。 A

6. Vegetarians influence meat—eaters by advocating that ________。 A. chickens have the right to live freely B。 animals should be better taken care of C. traditional factory farming should be spread D. ethical concerns should be neglected

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B

7. According to Pythagoras， human beings _______. A。 should forbid animal sacrifice B. become crueler when killing animals C。 should be kind to each other

D。 have a certain relationship with other animals D

8. In India， people from different classes regard hurting the lives of creatures as against

______。 9. The founding of the Vegetarian Society symbolized the start of ______。

10. PETA was extremely strict in that it forbade _______。

Key：

1. B 2. A 3。 A 4。 C 5. A 6. B 7。 D 8。 the virtue of harmlessness 9。 modern organized vegetarianism 10。 all meat， animal products and animal testing

Section V Reading comprehension XII. Multiple choices

Directions： Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices marked A， B， C and D.

Passage 1

One of the most successful， influential and beloved women in American history, Eleanor Roosevelt， once said that she had one regret: she wished she had been prettier. Who hasn’t felt the same way？ We are all too aware of our physical imperfections. To overcome them, we spend billions upon billions of dollars every year on cosmetics （化妆品), diet products, fashion， and plastic surgery （整容手术)。

Why do we care so much about how we look? Because it matters. Because beauty is powerful. Because even when we learn to value people mostly for being kind and wise and funny， we are still moved by beauty. No matter how much we argue against it or pretend to be immune， beauty exerts its power over us。 There is simply no escape。

Aristotle said， “Beauty is a greater recommendation than any letter of introduction。” It’s not fair, but it’s true. We simply treat beautiful people better than we do others. Attach a photograph of a beautiful author to an essay， and people will think it is more creatively and more intelligently written than exactly the same essay accompanied by the photo of a homely author。

As children, beautiful ones are more likely to become favourites with parents and teachers. Later, they’re more likely to get good jobs and promotion. Beautiful lawyers get paid more than their

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less attractive colleagues. Good—looking criminals are more likely to win the sympathy of judges and juries. Attractive people in needs are more likely to receive help from strangers.

Our sensitivity to physical beauty is not something we can control at will. We are born with it。 Experiments conducted by psychologist Judith H Langlois showed that even small infants prefer to look at attractive faces. Before they have met a single supermodel, before they have watched a single TV show， before they have opened up a single fashion magazine， they are drawn to the same faces which adults have judged to be attractive。

There are more important things in life than beauty。 But as Etcoff says, “We have to understand beauty, or we will always be enslaved by it.” If you aim to be wise and kind and funny， it doesn’t mean that you can't also try your best to look beautiful. There’s no reason to feel guilty about being moved by beauty’s power. It moves us all.

1。 According to the passage， Eleanor Roosevelt ______________。 A。 was one of the most beautiful women in American history

B。 was popular with American people in spite of her ugly appearance C. spent millions of dollars on plastic surgery

D。 was interested in pursuing beauty just like others D

2. It’s not fair but it's true that ______________. A。 we value people for being kind and wise

B。 we try every effort to make ourselves more attractive C。 we treat beautiful people better than others D. we hold prejudice against beautiful authors C

3. Which of the following best summarizes the fourth paragraph？ A. Beauty is misleading。 B. Beauty is powerful。 C. Beauty is everything.

D。 Beauty is key to career success. B

4。 According to the passage， small babies _______________. A. are immune to the influence of beauty B。 are sensitive to physical beauty C. prefer attractive women to men

D。 are keen on watching supermodels B

5。 What’s the writer’s probable purpose in writing the passage? A. To criticize people’s focus on appearance. B。 To promote the industry of cosmetics。 C。 To warn people against the trap of beauty。 D. To present some facts about the power of beauty. D

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Passage 2

Men and women use the Internet in entirely different ways， and have distinct styles of writing emails， according to new research.

“There are pretty good odds at being able to guess the gender of someone just by reading their email，” said David Silver, an assistant professor in the School of Communications at the University of Washington. “Many studies have found that men using email tend to supply answers or give a response that shuts down the dialogue。 Women are more prepared to open up the discussion。 They're also more prepared in a chatroom to say ‘I don’t know. What does everyone else think？’”

Male messages tend to be basic — confirming someone is right， telling them they are wrong or offering solutions to problems. Women tend to keep conversations going and ask more questions. They aren't afraid to admit ignorance， or that they are wrong。

A study by Dr Susan Herring， a linguistic expert at Indiana University， has also shown that men tend to express strong opinions, disagree with others and use bad language， insults and sarcasms （讽刺). By contrast, women tend to use diplomatic language along with questions, offers, suggestions and polite expressions。

Silver said a huge change had occurred in global Internet use in the past few years as women find their place in a medium previously dominated by men. “Many women in the mid-90s were put off (对…失去兴趣） the Internet by slang，” Silver said。 “They would also go into chatrooms and get insulted very often。 The old Intemet chatrooms were racist, biased against gays and often very sexist。 There was a lot of abuse of women online。 So women simply started their own chatrooms.” Silver pointed to a series of studies into the differences between male and female behaviour online。

One study showed women were a lot less status—oriented in their use of the Internet. In one chatroom for academics, it was noticed that female undergraduates, graduates and faculty members all treated each other equally.

In the same chatroom， researchers noticed women were a lot quicker to share information, and happy to share booklists with colleagues.

The news comes as the gender balance in Internet use shifts towards women. In the UK， women have already accounted for about 60 per cent of those online by 2005. In the United States， the number is 51 per cent at that time.

1。 According to David Silver， _______________。 A。 it’s always easy to identify someone by online chatting B. men and women use emails in very different ways C. people may get their identity stolen in writing emails D。 women don’t have as much common sense as men do B

2. What is the probable purpose of the study by Dr Susan Herring?

A。 To explore the different styles of language use online between men and women。 B. To arouse public attention to sexism online。

C. To illustrate the popularity of Internet use among women. D. To criticize the widespreading dirty language online.

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A

3. According to Silver， what’s the new change in global Internet use？ A. Male users have dominated the Internet.

B。 Female users always get insulted on the Internet. C. Internet chatrooms are full of racists and sexists。 D。 There is an increasing number of female users。 D

4. Which of the following statements is true？

A. Female users online are more sensitive to status. B. Female users online are more polite and friendly。 C。 Male users are unwilling to express their opinions. D. Male users are more ready to agree with others。 B

5。 What is the subject matter of the passage?

A. The inequality between male and female Internet users。 B. The differences between male and female behaviour online。 C。 The great popularity of Internet use among men. D. The potential risks involved in Internet use. B Passage 3

In the 1970’s， Coke’s famous slogan was, “I’d like to buy the world a Coke.\" They needn’t have bothered: The world was more than ready to buy its own.

Every second, 7，000 people drink a Coke. The brand is recognized by 94 per cent of the world's population。 If every Coke ever sold were lined up in a row， the line of bottles would stretch around the world nearly 12，000 times. Given this kind of success, it’s hard to believe that Coke started out as a medicine that sold barely nine bottles a day。

Back in 1886， a pharmacist （药剂师) in Atlanta， Georgia, cooked up a thick, sweet syrup made from coca leaves and kola nuts. He sold it for five cents a glass out of a neighbouring soda fountain where someone had the bright idea of mixing it with carbonated water。 A new name was created based on the two primary ingredients， and Coca—Cola was born.

But the real value in Coca-Cola isn’t so much the product as the marketing。 The sales know—how was supplied by Asa Candler, who bought the company for $2,300 when the founder died. Candler also turned Coke’s ingredients into one of the world’s biggest secrets： the exact makeup of the “7X” formula (配方） stayed secret until 1985 when the company finally let the cat out of the bag。

Of course， it’s not easy being number one. Rivals like Pepsi accuse Coke of underhanded (卑鄙的) business practices, and soft drinks are seen as being a major cause of obesity. In recent years, the company has been paying schools for the right to place Coke machines on campus， expanding school budgets and students’ waistlines。

Still， things are looking sweet for Coke - with over $4 billion in revenue on sales of $21 billion in 2003, it is by far the largest soft drink maker in the world。 Not bad for a little bottle of sugar water.

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1. According to the passage, what has turned Coca-Cola into world's valuable brand？ A。 Its brilliant marketing。 B. Its top quality.

C。 Its unique ingredients. D。 Its sweet flavour. A

2。 Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage? A。 Coke’s great success and popularity。 B. Coke's history and development.

C. Coke’s keen competition with rival companies. D. Coke’s difficult situation in finance。 D

3。 Coca—Cola was originally _________________。 A。 a sweet soft drink

B. an unpopular carbonated water C. a sort of medicine

D。 a drink free of alcohol C

4. Asa Candler played a crucial role in the growth of Coca—Cola because ________________。 A。 he created the household name — Coca—Cola B。 he founded the Coca-Cola company

C。 he released the secret formula of Coke to the world

D。 he bought the company and turned it into a great success D

5。 According to the passage, the Coca—Cola company ______________。 A. is the number one in the industry of soft drink B。 is notorious for its illegal business practices

C。 takes sole responsiblity for obesity among teenagers D。 donates a lot of Coke machines on campus A Passage 4

The American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise， market—oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most。 Private businessmen， striving to make profits， produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen； and the profit motive, operating under competitive pressures， largely determines how these goods and services are produced。 Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers， coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits， that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers。 In the American economy, this

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mechanism is provided by a price system， a process in which prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand， the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market。 If， on the other hand， producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost， this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers， which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product。 Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the American economic system.

The important factor in a private-enterprise economy is that individuals are allowed to own productive resources (private property)， and they are permitted to hire labour， gain control over natural resources， and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights， including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual。

1. In American economic system, ________________ largely determines what shall be produced。 A. the demand of individual consumers B。 the personal desire of businessmen C. the average Americans’ salary level D. the profit motive of businessmen A

2。 The first two sentences in the second paragraph tell us that _______________。 A。 producers can satisfy the consumers by mechanized production B。 consumers can express their demands through producers C。 producers decide the prices of products D. supply and demand regulate prices D

3. If the supply of a product is more than the need of it, _________________. A. its price will go up

B。 its price will fall down C. its consumers will decrease

D。 its producers will make more money B

4。 According to the passage， a private-enterprise economy is characterized by __________________.

A. private property and relevant rights B。 limited responsibility C. issuance of shares

D。 free contracts and regulated prices A

5。 The passage is mainly about ___________________. A。 how American goods are produced B. how American consumers buy their goods C。 how the American economic system works

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D。 how American businessmen make their profits C

Section VI Cloze XIII。 Cloze

Directions: Read the following passages carefully and choose the best answer from the four choices given for each blank.

Passage 1

They’re still kids， and although there's a lot the experts don’t yet know about them; one thing they do agree on is that what kids use and expect from their world has changed __1__. And it's all because of technology。 To the psychologists， sociologists, and generational and media experts who study them, their digital gear sets this new group __2__， even from their tech—savvy Millennial elders。 They want to be constantly connected and __3__ in a way even their older siblings don't quite get. These differences may appear slight， but they signal an all-encompassing __4__ that some say marks the dawning of a new generation。

The contrast between Millennials and this younger group was so __5__ to psychologist Larry Rosen of California State University-Dominguez Hills that he has declared the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the iGeneration and the Way They Learn， out next month. Rosen says the tech-dominated life experience of those born __6__ the early 1990s is so different from the Millennials he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me， MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation that they warrant the __7__ of a new generation, which he has dubbed the “iGeneration\"。

“The technology is the easiest way to see it, but it's also a mind-set, and the mind-set __8__ the little ‘i'， which I’m taking to stand for ‘individualized’,\" Rosen says。 “Everything is customized and individualized to ‘me’。 My music choices are customizable to ‘me’. What I watch on TV any __9__ is customizable to ‘me’。” He says the iGeneration includes today’s teens and middle—schoolers， but it’s too soon to tell about elementary-school ages and younger. Rosen says the iGeneration believes anything is possible. “If they can think of it, somebody probably has or will invent it，” he says。 “They expect innovation。” They have high expectations that __10__ they want or can use “will be able to be tailored to their own needs and wishes and desires”。 Rosen says portability is key. They are inseparable from their wireless devices， which allow them to text as well as talk， so they can be __11__ connected — even in class, where cell phones are supposedly banned。

Many researchers are trying to __12__ whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently。 “They should be __13__ and should perform more poorly than they do，\" Rosen says. But findings show teens “__14__ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.\" Because these kids are more immersed and at younger ages， Rosen says， the educational system has to change significantly。 “The growth curve on the use of technology with children is exponential, and we __15__ being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think，” Rosen says. “We have to give them options because they want their world individualized.”

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1。 A. rapidly B。 fastly C。 soon D。 quick 2. A。 partly B. part C。 apartly D。 apart 3. A。 accessible B. available C。 comfortable D. advisable

4。 A。 sensory B. sense C。 sensation D。 sensibility 5. A. plain B。 evident C. plausible D。 complicated 6。 A. since B. as C. for D。 to

7。 A. destruction B. distinction C。 disjunction D. distraction

8。 A. goes with B。 goes at C. goes for D。 goes through 9. A. age B. interval C. period D。 instant 10。 A。 whichever B. which C. whatever D. what

11. A。 stably B. constantly C. timelessly D。 endlessly 12. A。 ask B。 justify C。 determine D。 consult 13. A. distracted B. absent C。 self-centered D. concentrated 14. A。 experience B。 live C。 pass D. survive

15. A。 take the advantage of B. run the risk of C. benefit from D。 keep ourselves out-dated

key: 1A 2D 3B 4D 5B 6A 7B 8A 9D 10C 11B 12C 13A 14D 15B

Passage 2

Google recently introduced a new service that adds social-networking features to its popular Gmail system. The service is called Buzz， and within hours of its __1__, people were howling about privacy issues — because, in its original form， Buzz showed everyone the list of people you e-mail most frequently. Even people who weren’t cheating __2__ their spouses or secretly applying for new jobs found this a little unnerving.

Google __3__ and changed the software， and apologized for the misstep, claiming that， gosh, it just never __4__ to us that people might get upset. “The public reaction was something we did not __5__。 But we’ve reacted very quickly to people’s unhappiness，” says Bradley Horowitz, vice president for product management at Google.

Same goes for Facebook。 In December, Facebook rolled out a new set of privacy settings. A spokesman says the move was intended to “empower people” by giving them more “granular\" control __6__ their personal information. But many viewed the changes as a sneaky __7__ to push members to expose more information about themselves — partly because its default settings had lots of data, like your photo, city， gender， and information about your family and __8__, set up to be shared with everyone on the Internet. （Sure， you could change those settings， but it was still creepy。) Facebook’s spokesman says the open settings __9__ “shifting social norms around privacy\"。 Five years after Facebook was founded， he says， “we’ve noticed that people are not only sharing more information but also are becoming more comfortable about sharing more information with more people.” Nevertheless, the changes prompted 10 consumer groups to file a __10__ with the Federal Trade Commission。

What’s happening is that our privacy has become a kind of __11__. It’s what we use to pay for online services. Google charges nothing for Gmail； instead, it reads your e-mail and sends you

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advertisements based on keywords in your private messages。 The genius of Google， Facebook， and others is that they’ve created services that are so useful or entertaining that people will __12__ some privacy in order to use them。 Now the trick is to get people to abandon more — in effect, to keep raising the price of the service。

These companies will never stop trying to chip __13__ at our information。 Their entire business model is based on the notion of “monetizing” (使货币化) our privacy. To succeed they must slowly change the __14__ of privacy itself — the “social norm，” as Facebook puts it - so that what we're abandoning doesn’t seem so valuable。 Then they must gain our trust. Thus each new erosion of privacy comes delivered, paradoxically， with rhetoric about how Company X really __15__ privacy. I’m not sure whether Orwell would be appalled or impressed。 And who knew Big Brother would be not a big government agency, but a bunch of kids in Silicon Valley? 1. A。 liberate B。 release C。 coming D. declaration 2。 A. with B。 to C。 at D. on 3. A。 retreated B. backtracked C. retrieved D. back-uped 4. A。 occurred B。 called C。 fell D。 happened 5. A. foretell B。 interest C。 wish D. anticipate 6. A。 about B。 around C。 over D。 at

7。 A。 framework B。 schedule C. attempt D. assumption 8。 A. relations B。 relationships C. relevance D。 relativities 9。 A. reflect B. imply C。 disclose D. expose 10. A. complaint B。 lawsuit C。 case D. document

11。 A。 capital B。 currency C。 property D. investment 12。 A。 give in B. give for C。 give up D。 give out 13. A。 in B. up C。 out D。 away

14。 A。 note B。 name C。 notion D. notification 15。 A. cares about B. cares around C. cares with D. cares by

key: 1B 2D 3B 4A 5D 6C 7C 8B 9A 10A 11B 12C 13D 14C 15A

XIV。 Banked Cloze

Directions: Fill in the blanks in the following passage by selecting suitable words from the Word Bank. You may not use any of the words more than once.

All this high level debate about education makes me dizzy, and turns me off. So far as I can tell, both American and Soviet systems of education work （1）_____， and have their own limitations。 The (2)_____ line is that the quantity of knowledge is too large to be (3）_____ into 4 years, and you’d have to make choices， making it either (4）_____ or shallow or perhaps both。 You’ll just have to be prepared to （5)_____ yourself in life-long learning.

I suspect the Soviet-style specialization came about for a simple reason of economics： in old days in China， college graduates were so (6)_____ that the government would assign you a job after you graduated。 In hind sight， it never stopped (7)_____ me how an 18-year old could be convinced to devote his life to the specialty of welding， or mechanics for that matter。

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But my American students have kept telling me that they are (8)_____ with too many choices and they spend too much time （9）_____ about if they have made the right choices。 Relax. Nobody will really know if you make right or wrong choices。 So long as you remain curious enough to make choices， you'll be fine. We are all in this game of （10）_____ for life， unless you are like Michael Suo and dream about the ultimate method of learning。 A) presented F) bottom K) precious Keys: B F H C I K E A L J

Section VII Translation

XV。 Translation from English to Chinese

Directions： Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese。

1. The significance of the holiday economy cannot be underestimated. Firstly， it provides

people with an opportunity to relax。 Secondly, it provides more job opportunities。

2. Pizza delivery, ubiquitous in the US, is a new concept in China， where dining out has long

been seen as a lavish mode of living.

3. As one of the most important characteristics of wine and a major index in evaluating its

quality， wine aroma determines wine's individuality and quality。

4. Infrastructure spending is still strong and likely to accelerate, but exports are slowing and are

expected to deteriorate rapidly in coming months as the world demand weakens.

5. It is frequently observed that enterprises discharge pollutant without permission or beyond

pollution limits to maximize their profits, which deteriorates the ecological environment of our country。

6. He cannot be said to be rich or even well—to-do， but he is lavish in digging into his own

pocket in order to induce a millionaire to make a contribution to a worthy cause. 7. When a child does something wrong， do not dictate what he should do. Instead， discuss the

issue with him and let him know that it is his decision。

8. That country now has a hard and fast rule against a teacher taking money to raise a student’s

grade, which is not only dishonest but unfair to all the other students in the class。

9. But a watch could never repair itself – it does not consist of living parts, only of metal，

which wears away by friction。

10. The boy turned out to be a good—natured child who， with the increasing absence of his

father and brothers， was treated with the utmost indulgence by his mother and sisters。 11. If it turns out to be technically and economically sound， the laser might prove to be a major

breakthrough in telephone communication.

12. At one point, after repeated persuasions from the clergy, and terrified by the threat of death by

burning, Joan broke down and confessed to guilt.

13. After a great many loud explosions， the race began。 Many of the cars broke down on the

course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them!

14. Galileo's greatest glory was that in 1609 he was the first person to turn the newly invented

telescope on the heavens to prove that the planets revolve around the sun rather than around

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B) fine G) deception L) worrying C） narrow H） crammed M) D） involve I） engage E) amazing J) learning O) disgusting disappointed N） criterion the earth。

15. Perhaps this explains why we long for that most elusive quality in our leaders – the quality of

authenticity， of being who you say you are, of possessing a truthfulness that goes beyond words。

Keys for reference；

1. 假日经济的重要性不能低估.第一，它给人们提供了放松身心的机会。第二，它提供了

更多就业机会.

2. 在美国随处可见的外卖比萨在中国还是一个新鲜概念，中国人长期以来都将外出就餐视

为一种奢侈的生活方式.

3. 香气是葡萄酒最主要的特征，也是评判葡萄酒品质的一个重要指标，它决定了葡萄酒的

特性和品质.

4. 基础设施投资依然强劲并有可能继续增加，但随着全球需求减弱,出口正在放缓并可能

在今后几个月迅速恶化。

5. 为实现自身利益最大化,企业偷排、超标排放污染物事件屡有发生，造成生态环境恶化。 6. 他不是有钱甚至也并不宽裕，但是为了促使大富豪为有价值的事业做出贡献，他会慷慨

地掏空自己的钱袋.

7. 当孩子做错事情时，不要用命令的方式告诉孩子应该怎么做，而应该同孩子讨论这个问

题，让孩子觉得那是他自己的决定。

8. 那个国家现在有一个严格的规定，禁止老师接受金钱来提高一个学生的分数。那样做不

仅是不诚实的行为，而且对班上其他学生来说也是不公平的.

9. 但是，手表绝不会自行修理，它不是由有生命的部件组成，而是由金属组成,而金属可

以随着磨擦而受损。

10. 那个男孩本性善良,只因为越来越多的时候父亲和兄弟们都不在他身边，所以他受到母

亲和姐姐们的极度溺爱。

11. 要是激光在技术上可靠，在经济上又有利的话，那么,它就可能成为电话通讯方面的一

个重要突破。

12. 由于牧师的不断劝诫，和惧于将被烧死的威胁，琼曾不再死撑而承认自己有罪。

13. 在好一阵喧闹的爆炸声之后，比赛开始了。很多汽车在途中就抛了锚，所以有些驾驶员

花在车底下的时间比坐在车里面的时间还长。

14. 伽利略最辉煌的业绩在于他是在1609年就把新发明的望远镜对准了天体，以证明行星

是围绕太阳而不是地球运转的第一人。

15. 也许这也解释了我们为何期望在领导者们身上找到最难以描述的特性—-真实，言行一

致，拥有一种无法用语言表达的真诚。

XVI. Translation from Chinese to English

Directions： Translate the following Chinese into English, using the expressions (or following the instructions) given in the brackets。

1. 私人轿车的增长会造成城市交通状况恶化,并带来污染、能耗等诸多社会问题。

(deteriorate; depletion)

2. 最让女人尴尬的，就是在一个正式的宴会上发现另一个女人穿着和自己相同的衣服。

(embarrassing； formal)

3. 现在，公司唯一关心的事情就是进行有效的废物处理和提高利润.（care about; waste

disposal）

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4. 我们都不能低估女人在职业晋升过程中所面临的困难程度。(underestimate； career

advancement）

5. 低估了创业的难度是企业家面临的最大问题。(underestimate； entrepreneur; obstacle） 6. 如果你试图用金钱来弥补对孩子的忽视,那只会使亲情愈来愈淡薄。（negligence；

deteriorate）

7. 父母把自己的爱和关怀无私慷慨地给予了孩子。然而，当他们年迈时，其中一些却只能

无奈地独自生活.（lavish; be condemned to)

8. 当一名男子和一名女子一起行走时，按照惯例,男子应当走在人行道上靠马路的那一边。

（convention; dictate； curbside)

9. 我们不仅需要平均区分工作和娱乐，而且应同样严格地区分主动的玩乐和被动的消遣。

（hard—and—fast distinction; passive)

10. 令我们吃惊的是,这位常被赞为十分正直的州长竟然是个贪官.（turn out; corrupt ）

11. 开会素来被认为是无效、浪费时间及开销昂贵，所以结果是大多数人不愿参加会议.

（reputation； turn out) 12. 我们常常听说，有人因工作过度而垮下来,但实际上他们十有是因为饱受担忧或焦虑

的折磨。（break down; anxiety)

13. 为了纪念那位为文学做出重大贡献的中国科学家，这颗新发现的星星就以他的名字命

名.(astronomy； name after）

14. 在翻译实践中，我们会发现有时很难把一些否定结构逐字地翻译成汉语，有时甚至很难

确定它们在原语中的意思.(literally; elusive）

15. 批评家指责的疏忽,未能从早先2007年爆发的火灾中得到教训。(accuse…of；

negligence； previous )

Keys for reference：

1. The increase of private cars may deteriorate the city traffic， and bring about various social

problems such as pollution and depletion of energy sources。

2. The most embarrassing thing for a woman is to find another woman wearing the same dress at

a formal party.

3. Right now， the only thing the company cares about is efficient waste disposal and higher

profits.

4. None of us should ever underestimate the degree of difficulty women face in career

advancement。

5. Underestimating the difficulty of starting a business is one of the biggest obstacles

entrepreneurs face.

6. If you intend to use the power of money to make up your negligence to your children， that

will only deteriorate your relations.

7. Parents lavish their love and care on their children。 However， when they become old, some

of them are condemned to live alone。

8. When a man and a woman walk together, convention dictates that the man walk on the

curbside of the road.

9. We need to make a hard and fast distinction not only between work and play but equally

between active play and passive entertainment。

10. To our surprise， this governor who is often praised for his honesty should turn out to be a

corrupt official。

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11. Meetings have a reputation for being inefficient， time—consuming and expensive. As it

turns out， most people prefer not to attend them.

12. We often hear of people breaking down from overwork, but in nine cases out of ten they are

really suffering from worry or anxiety.

13. In order to memorize the Chinese scientist who made great contribution to astronomy, the

new found star is named after him.

14. In the practice of translation, we may find now and then that some negative structures can

hardly be rendered into Chinese literally, and sometimes even their original meanings could be elusive.

15. Critics accused the government of negligence and of failing to learn from a previous outbreak

of fire in 2007.

七：写作

Directions: For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Discussing the “Meaning of Life” Among College Students. You should write at least 150 words, and base your composition on the outline below. 1． 大学生讨论生命的意义重要且有必要

2． 了解生命意义将指导我们正确看待生活，分辨是非善恶 3． 通过讨论认清自己的人生目标

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