英语句子结构与成分分析

五种基本句型

1、主（语）＋谓（语） 1、主语

主语是句子陈述的对象，说明是谁或什么。表示句子说的是\"什么人\"或“什么事”。 主语是执行句子中行为或动作的主体，是句子中行为活动做的施加者。 2、

谓语，谓语从意义上说有表示动作和状态两种情况；表示状态的就用主语＋连系动词＋表语句型来表示。一般情况下，谓语位于主语之后，从意义上理解，往往具有动作意味,是主语发出的动作。

能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类：动词，也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”，所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”，但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分，一个句子可以缺少主语，但是谓语是不能少的。

为了更好地理解这个句型以及下面的三个句型，在这里我需要补充说明两点： A、宾语

宾语，是动词作用的对象，通常是由名词或代词来充当（想一想：主语是由什么充当的？），从位置上来看，位于谓语动词之后，例如：He reads English .在这里English 就是作reads 的宾语。

在英语中，宾语通常是做动词或介词的宾语即构成动宾短语或介宾短语（介词短语），也就是说，一般来讲,做宾语的，要么是做动词的宾语，要么是做做介词的宾语，二者必居其一。

对于什么是及物动词和不及物动词也是同学们常问到的问题，对于这两个“东东”的认识，我们还是来看看语法专著上是怎么解释的：有些动词后面通常直接跟用作宾语的名词或代词。在语法上，这些动词成为“及物动词”，有些动词后面通常不直接跟宾语，这些动词成为“不及物动词”，

例如：I like English .其中的 like 是及物动词，为什么这么说呢？因为它后面直接跟了个宾语 English,如果它后面不跟English的话，句子含义就不完整，你到底喜欢什么呢，好像话没说完似的，所以说及物动词后面必须带宾语。

He often swims in the river(他经常在河里游泳)，其中的swims 是不及物动词，为什么呢？应为它后面没带宾语，说他游泳句子意思已经表达很清楚完整了，没必要再加宾语了，你说还游泳个什么？有的要说了，那 in the river 在这里不就是宾语嘛，NO! 它在这儿不是宾语，因为它不可能作为“游泳”的对象（但“英语”可以做为“喜欢”的对象），那它会是什么呢？实际上，in the river 在这里是状语的，而且是表示地点的状语。又有疑问了，那啥是状语呀？别急，先暂按不表，待会儿，再听我慢慢道来。 及物动词和不及物动词之

秘诀一、及物动词后面直接加宾语，不及物动词后是不能直接加宾语，但有些不及物动词后面加介词或副词之后就可以加宾语了（例如：look 是典型的不及物动词，后面是不能接宾语的，但是如果加上适当的介词就可以跟宾语如look at the

blackboard 、look for the child 、lokk after his mother等等）。

秘诀二、及物动词后面必须加宾语，因为不加宾语，句意就不完整了。

秘诀三、绝大多数动词既可以作及物动词也可以作不及物动词，只作及物动词或不及物动词的动词是很少一部分。

以上是我补充的内容，呵呵，有点跑题了，我们正说着主谓结构呢，回头再来关注关注它。结合上边的介绍，大家想想看，这里的谓语动词应该是及物动词还是不及物动词？很明显是不及物动词嘛，因为动词后边没有宾语。

主谓结构，我们要注意的是，虽然这个结构中动词后边不加宾语，但是往往带有状语，现在你第二次遭遇到状语了，真是冤家路窄，那么这个神秘人物究竟是什么呢？不是我在卖关子，这个状语的确有点难理解，但是他在句子中是经常出现的（除非这个句子是超短句，有三四个单词组成），你不想见他都不成，好了，好了，让他出场吧！请大家看下面的句子：

请各位注意：下划横线的“东东”，就是“传说”中的状语， 1、 He will come tomorrow.(他明天来) 2、 He is working now 。（他正在工作）. 3、 He works at this factory .(他在这个工厂工作) 4、He often swims in the river.(他经常在河里面游泳) 5、Tom is always late for school.（汤坶经常上学迟到） 6、I have never been to Shanghai.(我从没去过上海) 7、My Chinese is very good . (我的汉语非常好)

8、He runs quite fast. (他跑的相当快) 9、He works hard。（他努力工作） 10、It is too hot . (天气太热了)

请各位观察，他“身影”经常出现在哪里？回答这个问题之前，我们需要对状语的各路神仙加以分类，看看他们都属于那路神仙， I get up at six. (我在六点种起床)

介词短语在此处是表示时间的，是时间状语（上帝呀，你不会又发出疑问吧，什么是介词短语呀，介词大家都知道吧，如in 、on、 under 等等之类的，如果介词后面加上了宾语，就把它叫做介词短语，如：in the room on the desk under the table ）。介词短语作时间状语的很多，类似的如：on Sunday. in September ,in 2008 等等，副词也可作时间状语，如：already (已经)before（以前） now （现在） yesterday （昨天） today（今天） tomorrow （明天soon（不久），这些应该熟记之。 “解毒”状语之

秘诀一、状语通常是有副词、介词短语来充当，是来说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，。

秘诀二、状语通常是来修饰谓语动词、副词、形容词。

秘诀三、地点状语、时间状语出现的频度最高，而且

二者都可由介词短语、副词充当。其他的状语大都是有副词充当。

秘诀四、时间状语、地点状语的位置比较灵活，可以在句首、句中、句尾。不过通常的位置在句尾。如果时间状语、地点状语同时在一个句子中出现，一般情况下，地点状语在前，时间状语在后。

秘诀五、频度副词的位置一般在谓语动词之前，be动词之后或助动词（如 have\\has\\can等）与一般行为动词（如run\\work\\draw）之间。现在再回过头来看上面的十个句子，印证一下上面的秘诀是否正确。不知道你现在对状语是否有个大致的了解，如果还是不怎么太懂，你可以大致这样理解：我们通常会说，什么人在什么时间什么地点用什么方式做了什么事。在这里的什么时间、什么地点、什么方式都是状语。

小结：在本句型讲解中，我们补充了宾语、状语以及及物动词和不及物动词，内容比较多，你可得需要一点点的消化理解哟！ 五种基本句型之 主语＋谓语＋宾语

此句型是由三部分组成，主语、谓语、宾语。（想想看，该谓语动词应该是及物动词还是不及物动词）这三种成分在上面都已经讲过。这里要对宾语作进一步的补充说明，大家知道，宾语主要是由名词和代词充当的，其实，作宾语常见的还有：动词不定式（to do ）\\动名词（doing ）,比如：He wanted to go home ( to go home 作want 的宾语；He likes listening to music ( listening to music 作like 的宾语。

需要注意的是：动词后面接名词或代词作宾语对所有及物动词都行得通的，但并不是所有的及物动词后面都可以接动词不定式或动名词。这里有三种情况： 其一、有些动词后面只可以接动词不定式，

其二、有些动词后面只可以接动名词，

其三、有些动词两者都可以接, 记忆这些单词的用法的秘诀如下：

秘诀之一：下面的动词后面只可以接动名词，一句话要决记之： “megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃)

mind（介意）、miss（错过）、enjoy（喜欢）、give up（放弃）、admit（承认）、avoid（避免）、finish（完成）、escape（逃脱）、practise（练习）、suggest(建议)

秘诀之二：下面的动词后面只可以接动词不定式,一句话要诀记之： “要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。”

A.要求，想要，希望(want、wish、hope、expect、intend、) B.同意(agree、promise) C.意愿(care、refuse)

D.决定，企图(determine、decide、offer、attempt manage)

秘诀之三：下面的动词既可以跟动名词又可跟动词不定式 begin to do something\\doing something start to do something\\doing something continue to do something\\doing something forget to do something\\doing something remember to do something\\doing something regret to do something\\doing something like to do something\\doing something love to do something\\doing something hate to do something\\doing something try to do something\\doing something mean. To do something\\doing something 练习三

一判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构，如果是主谓宾结构请指出是由什么

充当的宾语（名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等等） 1 He arrived yesterday. 2 The boy is crying loudly. 3 She died in 2000.

4 The man disappeared in the street. 5 I like music.

6 She wanted some help 7 I slept well last night.

8 Iom built a house last year.

9 I bought a computer in the street yesterday 10 .Tom often swims in the river 11 .My sister works in that factory. 12 .The sun is rising. 13 .They know him.

14 .He enjoys listening to music. 15 .My watch has stopped. 16 .It is snowing hard.

17 .My grandma coughed all night. 18 .She was cooking.

19 .I found a box under the bed. 20．.Kate described the picture.

21 .I hate to go there.

22 .He remembered telling you. 23 .His aunt will come.

24 .The farmer works very hard. 25 .The flowers need watering.

26 .We usually watch TV on Saturday evening. 27 .She has cleaned the room. 28 .He liked collecting stamps.

29 .Both of them work in the school library. 30 .Kate is running fast. 31 .The ship moves slowly

32 .He wanted two boxes watches.

33 .I read every book in the school library. 34 .You can understand me. 35 .We can watch TV.

36 .The children are reading carefully. 37 .Mr. Smith speaks very fast. 38 .The train has arrived. 39 .They won’t come today. 40 .You mustn’t talk loud

41 .You will close the door. 42 .She decided to wait.

43 .I met one of my friends in Beijing. 44 .He passed the exam last year. 45 .China has a large population. 46 .He knows a little English. 47 .I have received your letter.

48 .The students answered the questions. 49 .He is beginning a new life.

50 .He learned to ride a bike yesterday. 51 .Have you finished writing? 52 .I suggest trying it once more. 53 .I want to go to college.

.She often dances in the park.

55 .Kate often studies at school at night. 练习三答案

判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构，如果是主谓结构，判断是否有状语，有的话，请指出；如果是主谓宾结构请指出是由什么充当的宾语（名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等等） 1 He arrived yesterday.

他昨天到达。主谓结构。时间状语 yesterday 2 The boy is crying loudly.

那个男孩在大声的哭。主谓结构。状语loudly 3 She died in 2000.

她死于2000年主谓结构。状语介词短语in 2000 4 The man disappeared in the street.

那个人在街上消失了。主谓结构。介词短语 in the street 做状语 5 I like music.我喜欢音乐。主谓宾。名词muisc做宾语 6 She wanted some help

她需要一些帮助。主谓宾。名词短语some help做宾语 7 I slept well last night.

昨天晚上我睡的很好。主谓。副词well last night做状语 8 I built a house last year.

去年我建了所房子。主谓宾。A house 做宾语 9 I bought a computer in the street yesterday

昨天我在街上买了台电脑。主谓宾。A computer做宾语。In the street yesterday 做状语

10 Tom often swims in the river

汤姆常常在河里游泳。主谓。介词短语in the river做状语 11 My sister works in that factory.

我姐姐在那个工厂工作。主谓。介词短语in that factory做状语 12 The sun is rising. 太阳在升起。主谓。 13 They know him.

他们知道他。主谓宾。代词him做宾语 14 He enjoys listening to music.

他喜欢听音乐。主谓宾。动名词短语listening to music做宾语 15 My watch has stopped. 我的表已经停了。主谓。 16 It is snowing hard.

雪下得正紧。主谓，副词hard做状语 17 My grandma coughed all night.

我的奶奶咳嗽了整个晚上。主谓，时间副词all night做状语 18 She was cooking. 她在做饭。主谓 19 I found a box just now .

刚才我找到一个盒子。主谓宾，名词a box做宾语，just now做状语 20 Kate described the picture.

凯特描述了那个图片。主谓宾，名词the picture做宾语 21 I hate to go there.

我讨厌去那里。主谓宾，不定式to go there做宾语 22 He remembered telling you.

他记得告诉过你。主谓宾，动名词短语telling you做宾语 23 His aunt will come. 他姨将会来。主谓

24 The farmer works very hard.

那个农民工作的很努力。主谓，副词短语very hard做状语 25 The flowers need watering.

那些花需要浇了。主谓宾，动名词watering做宾语 26 We usually watch TV on Saturday evening.

我们通常在星期六晚上看电视。主谓宾，名词TV做宾语，介宾短语on Saturday evening做状语

27 She has cleaned the room.

她已经打扫了那个房间。主谓宾，名词the room做宾语 28 He liked collecting stamps.

29 他喜欢集邮。主谓宾，名词短语collecting stamps做宾语 30 Both of them work in the school library.

他们两个人都在学校图书馆工作。主谓。介词短语in the school library做状语 31 Kate is running fast.

凯特正跑得快。主谓。副词做fast状语 32 The ship moves slowly.

轮船在慢慢移动。主谓。副词做slowly状语

33 He wanted two boxes of watches.

他要了两盒的火柴。主谓宾，名词性短语two boxes of watches做宾语 34 I read every book in the school library.

我在图书馆读了每本书/我读了图书馆里的每本书。主谓宾，名词every book做宾语，介词短语in the school library做状语/介词短语in the school library做后置定语 35 You can understand me.

你能够理解我。主谓宾，代词me做宾语 36 We can watch TV.

我们能看电视。主谓宾，名词TV做宾语 37 The children are reading carefully.

孩子们在看专心读书。主谓，副词carefully作状语 38 Mr. Smith speaks very fast.

司密斯先生说话说的很快。主谓，副词短语very fast作状语 39 The train has arrived. 那趟火车已经到达。主谓 40 They won’t come today.

他们今天不会来了。主谓，today作状语 41 You mustn’t talk loud

你不能大声说话。主谓，副词loud作状语 42 You will close the door.

你要把门关住。主谓宾，名词the door做宾语 43 She decided to wait.

她决定去等。主谓宾，不定式短语to wait做宾语 44 I met one of my friends in Beijing.

我在北京遇到了我的一个朋友。主谓宾，名词性短语one of my friends做宾语，in Beijing做地点状语

45 He passed the exam last year.

去年他通过考试。主谓宾，名词the exam做宾语，last year做时间状语46 China has a large population.

中国有着众多的人口。主谓宾，名词短语a large population做宾语 47 He knows a little English.

他懂得一些英语。主谓宾，名词短语a little English做宾语 48 I have received your letter.

我已经收到你的来信。主谓宾，名词短语your letter做宾语 49 The students answered the questions.

那些学生回答了那些问题。主谓宾，名词the questions做宾语

50 He is beginning a new life.

他开始了一种新的生活。主谓宾，名词短语a new life做宾语 51 He learned to ride a bike yesterday.

昨天他学骑自行车。主谓宾，不定式to ride a bike做宾语，yesterday时间状语 52 Have you finished writing?

你完成你的写作了吗？一般疑问句式，主谓宾，动名词writing做宾语 53 I suggest trying it once more.

我建议再试一下。主谓宾，动名词短语trying it做宾语，once more状语 I want to go to college.

我要去上大学。主谓宾，不定式短语to go to college做宾语 55 She often dances in the park.

她常常在公园跳舞。主谓，in the park，often都做状语 56 Kate often studies at school at night.

凯特在晚上常常在学校学习。主谓，at school at night ，often都做状语 五种基本句型之

主语＋谓语＋宾语（somebody）＋宾语(something)

这个句型比上面的句型多了个宾语，谓语后面已经是两个宾语了，那么谓语动词是及物动词是必定无疑了。这两个宾语放在一起叫双宾语（直接宾语+直接宾语）， 例如

Lend me your dictionary ,please. 如果你还是搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得明白一点,这里的“双”就是两个的意思.。

此句型的关键是记住哪些动词后面要接双宾语，因为并不是所有的及物动词后面都可以接宾语的，只有少数的动词。此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：前一个

宾语称为\"间接宾语\"，多由代词或名词充当；后一个宾语称为\"直接宾语\"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有\"给某人某物\"、\"送某人某物\"、\"留给某人某物\"等意思。（所有能带双宾语的动词含义的内核含有一个“给”字。常见的这类谓语动词有： give(给某人……),

bring(带给某人……), bring somebody something

tell(告诉某人……), tell somebody something

send(送给某人……), send somebody something

leave(留给某人……), leave somebody something

pass(递给某人……), pass somebody something

read(给某人读……), read somebody something

write(给某人写……), write somebody something

take(给某人拿……), take somebody something

show(给某人看……), show somebody something

teach(教给某人……), teach somebody something

get(给某人弄到……), get somebody something

lend(借给某人……), lend somebody something

buy(给某人买……), buy somebody something

pay(支付给某人……), pay somebody something

hand(递给某人……) 。hand somebody something

（注：上面各词的中文释义是刻意按照该词的常用动词句型而给的，以便于大家更好地理解该词出现于哪个基本句型中。） 例如：

She brought me a shirt .她给我带来一件衬衣。 Pass him the dictionary, please.请将词典递给他。 I lend him my bicycle.我把自行车借给他了 五种基本句型之

主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语

这个句型在有的语法书上又叫做主语＋谓语＋复合宾语，这里的复合宾语=宾语＋宾语补足语，这里又新增加一个“东东”：宾语补足语。

说起宾语补足语来，我们先从初中你熟悉的三个句型说起

ask somebody to do something （邀请某人做某事）

tell somebody to do something （告诉某人做某事）

want somebody to do something （要求某人做某事）

你不会告诉我，这三个句型那里熟悉呀，根本没见过，那我只能说,你的英语不是一般的“菜”，上过三年初中，不知道这三位“赫赫有名”的短语，你该是恶补英语的时候了，闲话少说，我们再看由这三个句型构成的例句：

1、 I asked him to have dinner.

谓语宾语宾语补足语

2、 He told me to clean the room.

谓语宾语宾语补足语

3、 Tom wanted me to meet him .

谓语宾语宾语补足语

我们看第一个句子，我邀请他吃饭，他（him）是作邀请（asked）的宾语，如果后面没有to have dinner ，句子意思就不完整，我邀请他，干什么呢？没说清楚，于是就有 to have dinner 来帮助说清楚，是吃饭的，在这里的to have dinner 就是宾语补足语，这是动词不定式短语作宾补。（你又在疑惑什么是动词不定式短语呢？大家知道，to do 是动词不定式，但是如果动词不定式中的动词带有宾语或者动词不定式中的动词有副词来修饰，这时的动词不定式就成为不定式短语了。比如 to do something 就是动词不定式短语，换句话说：这里 to have(动词不定式) to have dinner（动词不定式短语）。又比如：to run是动词不定式to run fast 是动词

不定式短语）。

上面的三个句子都是不定式短语作宾语不足语来帮助宾语来补充说明，那么除了动词不定式（短语）作宾补之外，还有什么可以作宾补呢？

实际上，能够作宾补的有很多，我们这里只学习几种常见的： doing \\不带to的动词不定式\\介词短语\\形容词等等。请看下面的例句，注意观察划线的部分是有什么作的宾语补足语。：

1、I saw a thief stealing something. (我看到一个贼正在偷东西)

2、He made me go home (他让我回家)

3、Her mother kept her in the room .

(她的妈妈让她待在房间里)

此句型的关键是记住那些动词后面是跟什么样的宾补。比如：我们可以说 ask somebody to do something (to do something 作宾补)我们就不能说 ask somebody doing something 换句话说，到底是跟动词不定式作宾补还是doing 作宾补是某些动词的“专利权”，不可侵犯。

下面我给大家想办法记住动词后面是跟什么样的宾补：

首先，哪些动词后面是跟带to的动词不定式（动词不定式可以分为带to的动词不定式和不带to的不定式两种，不带to的不定式实际上就是动词原形）作宾补的。

主要有：order somebody to do something want somebody to do something tell somebody to do something invite somebody to do something ask somebody to do something beg somebody to do something

(注意上面的有六个单词可以跟动词不定式作宾补，我们可以按照语气的强弱来记忆这几个单词：命令＞要求＞告诉＞邀请＞请求＞乞求) 此外，还有

advise somebody to do something

allow somebody to do something

warn somebody to do something

teach somebody to do something

其次，哪些动词后面可以跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补的，我们可以用下面一句话来帮助你记忆：

一感二听三让五看半帮助

这里:一感（feel）二听（hear\\listen to ）三让（let \\make\\have）五看（see\\watch\\notice\\observe\\look at）半帮助（help 即：feel hear listen to let make

leave somebody do sth see watch notice observe look at help

上面这些词都是用于动词后面可以跟不带to的动词不定式，应熟记之。 最后，哪些动词后面是跟doing作宾补的，我们仍然可以借助上面的句子来记忆，上面的单词中除了三让（have\\let\\make）半帮助（help）不能跟dong作宾补之外，其它都是可以的。（即：一感二听五看，实际上它们都属于感官动词） 练习四

判断下列句子是主谓+双宾语结构还是主谓+复合宾语，如果是主谓+复合宾语，请指出复合宾语是由什么充当的。

1. I watch the boy playing foot ball. 2. My good friend told me a story 3. Tom lent me a pencil.

4. LiLi noticed two dogs fight . 5. I looked at her flying a kite . 6. Please hand me the paper .

7. The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs. 8. He wanted you to go with him.

9. Lu Yang told the little boy to go home. 10. She asks me to help her .

11. My parents leave me some money . 12. Lucy leads me a pencil . 13. Mother got me some tea .

14. LiLei found 100 yuan in the room. 15. He showed me her photos .

16. The fans made Lin Junjie a famous star. 17. Mom let me in.

18. The rich man bought his son an MP4. 19. The teacher observes the boy sleep. 20. The teacher made her monitor. 21. I saw the baby cry. 22. I paid him three yuan .

23. He passed me an eraser.

24. Lucy heard her neighbor singing 25. Tom teaches us English.

26. They asked the teacher to explain it again . 27. Let me read you his letter .

28. Would you sing us an English song ? 29. I will lend you something.

30. Did you notice me leave the house 练习四答案

判断下列句子是主谓+双宾语结构还是主谓+宾语+宾补，如果是主谓+宾语+宾补，请指出宾补是由什么充当的。 1. I watch the boy playing foot ball.

我看到那个男孩在踢足球。主谓+宾语+宾补。 playing foot ball做宾补

2. My good friend told me a story

我的好朋友给我讲了一个故事。主谓+双宾 3. Tom lent me a pencil.

汤姆借给我一个铅笔。主谓+双宾 4. LiLi noticed two dogs fight.

李利注意到两个豿在打架。主谓+宾语+宾补，fight做宾补 5. I looked at her flying a kite.

我看到她在放风筝。主谓+宾语+宾补。flying a kite做宾补 6. Please hand me the paper . 请递给我一张纸。主谓+双宾

7. The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs.

那头狮子命令那只母鸡给他一些鸡蛋。主谓+宾语+宾补。 to give him some eggs做宾补 8. He wanted you to go with him.

他要你一起跟他去。主谓+宾语+宾补。to go with him做宾补 9. Li Yang told the little boy to go home.

李扬叫那个小男孩回家。主谓+宾语+宾补。to go home做宾补

10. She asks me to help her .

她请我去帮助她。主谓+宾语+宾补。to help her做宾补 11. My parents leave me some money . 我的父母亲留给我一些钱。主谓+双宾 12. Tom leads me a pencil . 汤姆借给我一只铅笔。主谓+双宾 13. Mother got me some tea . 妈妈给我取了一些茶。主谓+双宾 14. LiLei found 100 yuan in the room.

李蕾发现有100元在房间里/李蕾在房间里发现了100元。主谓+宾语+宾补。in the room做宾补

15. He showed me her photos . 他让我看了看她的照片。主谓+双宾 16. The fans made Lin Junjie a famous star.

那些粉丝们让林俊杰成为一个明星。主谓+宾+宾补 17. Mom let me in.

妈妈让我进去。主谓+宾语+宾补。in做宾补 18. The rich man bought his son an MP4.

那个有钱人给他的儿子买了一个MP4。主谓+双宾 19. The teacher observes the boy sleep.

那个老师观察到那个男孩睡觉了。主谓+宾语+宾补。sleep做宾补 20. The teacher made her monitor. 老师让她做班长。主谓+宾语+宾补 21. I saw the baby cry.

我看到那个男孩哭了。主谓+宾语+宾补。cry做宾补 22. I paid him three yuan . 我付给他三元。主谓+双宾 23. He passed me an eraser. 他递给我一个橡皮。主谓+双宾

24. She heard her neighbor singing

她听到她的邻居在唱歌。主谓+宾语+宾补。singing做宾补 25. Tom teaches us English. 汤姆教我们英语。主谓+双宾

26. They asked the teacher to explain it again .

他们请老师在解释一遍。主谓+宾语+宾补。to explain it again做宾补 27. Let me read you his letter . 让我给你读读他的信。主谓+双宾 28. Would you sing us an English song ? 你可以给我们唱支英文歌吗？主谓+双宾 29. I will lend you a book 。 我将借给你`一本书。主谓+双宾 30． Did you notice me leave the house? 你注意到我离开房子吗？主谓+ 第二节要的是真“功夫” ——句子成分的分析

这一节我们专门侃侃句子成分的分析，实际上，句子成分我们在在侃五种基本句型时已经大部分介绍过（句子的成分主要有：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语，其中，主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语是句子的主干，定语、状语是句子的“枝叶”）只有一个定语还没侃，所以下面我们先来侃侃定语。

定语，即起到修饰限定作用的成分，主要是来修饰限定名词或代词的，举例如下：

a black dog （一只黑色的豿）

a 和 black 都是定语，来修饰限定dog.，是一只（a）不是两只、三只，是黑**lack）

不是白色的、黄色的等等

the book on the desk (课桌上的那本书)

介词短语在这里是作定语修饰book，课桌上（on the desk）上的那本书，不是房间里的、凳子上的等等.

那么经常作定语的有哪些呢？主要有：形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词（比如：his book 中his 是来作定语来修饰book的）数词。其中，形容词、介词短语作定语最常见，而且要注意其位置，形容词作定语一般在修饰词之前（前置定语），介词短语一般在修饰词之后（后置定语），你可以参见上面的例句。

现在来试试身手，请找出下面各句中所有的定语，并指出是由什么充当的定语。

1、The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。 2、Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。 3、 His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。 4、There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。

5、The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 6、The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。

7、There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的，三个10岁的男孩。

到此为止，我们把绝大部分句子成分已经侃完（只剩下一个句子成分-----同位语，没介绍，感兴趣的同学可查阅有关资料），

面我们主要侃一侃在句子分析实践过程中我们可能常遇到的疑难问题。

1）是状语还是定语？区别是定语还是状语关键是看修饰什么词的，一般来讲，定

语是来修饰名词或代词的，状语是来修饰谓语动词的。 例如；

I like the book on the desk .

你说这里的划线部分是作定语的还是作状语的呢？显然，是作定语的，因为如果是作状语的，那么就是来修饰动词like的，他在课桌上喜欢那本书，显然讲不通。也就是说到底是定语还是状语一是根据它修饰的词二是根据句子意思看能否讲的通。

2）是状语还是宾语补足语？有时，区别是状语还是宾语补足语会有一定的困难,大家看下面的例子：

I found a book on the desk.

大家可以试着分析分析这个句子，你会发现你把划线部分理解为句子的状语还是理解为宾语补足语都是讲的通滴，理解状语则为：我在课桌上发现了一本书。理解宾补则为：我发现一本书在桌子上。那到底是什么成分呢，要知道像这样的句子连语法学家整天都在争吵个不休，这个说是宾补，那个说是状语，所以遇到这种情况的话，就不要去钻牛角尖，非的找出个结果来，不过这样的句子如果放到具体的上下文中，就只有一种理解了。

3)对于不及物动词后面加介词或副词之后带宾语的处理 在分析句子过程中，我们可能遇到这样的句子： I am looking for Jack.

上面这个句子我们把它分析为主谓合适呢，还是分析为主谓宾合适呢？大家知道：look是个不及物动词，但是如果在它后面加上介词for就相当于及物动词了，所

以说这个句型你可以把它看作主谓句型，也可以把它看作主谓宾句型 I am looking for Jack 主谓状

I am looking for Jack. 主谓宾

也就是说以后在遇到类似的一个不及物动词加上介词或副词之后相当于及物动词的情况都这样处理，不过我建议大家按主谓宾来分析，这样分析更有实际价值，慢慢你就会明白的 4)对于there be句型的处理

There is a tree in front of the house.

there be 句型是我们常见的句型，这个我们怎么分析呢？它到底属于哪个句型呢，这个我们不分析，我们知道它是there be 句型即可，我们分析句子主要是为了理解句子，并不是遇到每个句子，我们都要去分析分析，明明知道它的句义，可以理解它，你再分析它有何意义呢？所以我们再遇到类似的固定结构，比如说强调句型，我们能辨认出句型即可，没必要去分析。

上面我们基本上是从细微之处来看句子分析，最后我们从大的方面着手来侃侃句子分析应该注意的事项：

首先，要明确的是句子分析的目的：是为了在阅读过程中更好的理解甚至是更快的理解文章、在写作过程中能帮你写出符合语法的正确句子。因此我们不能因为分析句子而分析句子，一味的钻牛角尖地分析句子是毫无意义的。

其次，分析句子要从整体入手分析，要善于抓住句子的主干，抓住了句子的主干

也就知道了句子的大意。 第四章简单句不“简单” ——简单句的复杂化

我们这里说，简单句不“简单”了，就是说，如果如果你看到一个句子超长，它没准就是个简单句，千万不要以为只是短小的句子才是简单句，那是不一定的。那么，简单句又是怎么变“复杂”呢？大家看看下面几节也许就明白了。 第一节并列“出现”之后……

并列“出现”之后，会发生什么事呢？呵呵！我们这里说的并列是说句子成分的并列，在英语中，所有的句子成分都可以并列，于是就出现了并列主语、并列谓语、并列宾语、并列定语……等等，于是简单句就复杂了，于是你就看不懂句子了，于是你就迷茫了……

1.Tom, Mike and I are good friends.(三个并列主语)

2.I got up ,washed my face, brushed my teeth and went to school .( 四个并列谓语)

3.I like music ,sport, traveling, surfing the Internet and listening to music .(五个并列宾语)

4.This is a well-known German medical school.(四个并列定语)

我们这一节是让大家明白，英语中有并列这种语法现象的存在，大家了解到这即可，当然，如果在造句中能运用更好 第二节非谓语动词在“作怪”

大家先看下面的句子：

1. To learn English is not easy.

2. He found it very difficult to get to sleep.. 3. Lucy asked me to turn down the radio.. 4. His wish was to become a scientist. 5. There is nothing to worry about.

6. He woke up to find everybody gone. . 7. Learning new words is very useful to me. 8. The music is exciting.

9. The boy singing now is a classmate of mine..

10. One day she came into my room laughing happily. 11. The other students in the class keep their eyes closed. 12. Built in 1949,the exhibition hall is almost 50 years old.

你知道上面划线部分是什么呢？

非谓语动词，想必大家都很陌生,但是动词不定式、动名词大家应该很熟悉，实际上，这两位都是非谓语动词家族的成员。什么是非谓语动词呢？顾名思义，“非”，不也，非谓语动词即是不能作谓语的动词。英语中的动词按能否作谓语可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词两种，这也就是非谓语动词的由来。 非谓语动词从形式上来看有三种：to do\\doing\\done 。

从名称来看有四种：动词不定式（to do ）、动名词(doing)、现在分词(doing)、过去分词(done)。这四位也就是非谓语家族的全体成员，也就是它们四位是不能来作谓语动词的,那么它们可以做什么成分呢？实际上，除了不能作谓语外，其他的句子成分，它们都可以作的，其中，动词不定式可以作除了谓语以外的一切成分，动名词可以做主语、宾语、定语、表语，现在分词可以作状语、定语、表语、宾补，过去分词可以作状语、定语、表语、宾补。

非谓语动词是高中英语语法的重点内容，也是高考必考内容，所以我们务必重视这部分内容，但是对于我们这一节内容，大家对于非谓语大概了解即可，看到非

谓语动词能够把它们辨别出来就可以了。 练习五

一找出下面句子中的非谓语动词，并指出是作什么句子成分 1．To know him is to like him.

2. Mr. Brown has a large family to keep. 3. He stood up to see better..

4. They have started using computers in the library. 5. Her job is taking care of the wounded. 6. I watched them playing chess. 7. The computer needs repairing .

8. There is an old man wanting to see you. 9. I heard them quarrelling in the room . 10. Do you like teaching English?

二分析本节开头部分十二个句子划线部分的非谓语动词作什么句子成分 练习五答案

一找出下面句子中的非谓语动词，并指出是作什么句子成分 1．To know him is to like him.

了解他了就会喜欢他。To know him做主语 2. Mr. Brown has a large family to keep. 布朗先生要养活一大家子人。to keep做定语 3. He stood up to see better.

他站起来想看得更好。to see bette做目的状语 4. They have started using computers in the library.

他们在图书馆已经开始使用电脑。using computers做宾语 5. Her job is taking care of the wounded.

他的工作就是照看伤员。taking care of the wounded做表语 6. I watched them playing chess.

我看到他们在下棋。playing chess做宾补 7. The computer needs repairing. 那台电脑需要修理。Repairing做宾语

8. There is an old man wanting to see you.

有个老人等着要见你。wanting to see you做后置定语 9. I heard them quarrelling in the room.

我听见他们在房间里争吵。Quarrelling做宾补 10. Do you like teaching English?

你喜欢教英语吗？teaching English做宾语

二分析本节开头部分十二个句子划线部分的非谓语动词作什么句子成分， 1. To learn English is not easy. 学英语不容易。做主语

2. He found it very difficult to learn maths 他发现学数学很困难。做真正宾语 3. Lucy asked me to turn down the radio.. 露西要我把收音机音量关小。做宾补 4. His wish was to become a scientist. 他的愿望是成为一个科学家。做表语 5. There is nothing to worry about.. 没什么可担心的。做定语

6. He woke up to find everybody gone. . 他醒来发现每个人都走了。做结果状语 7. Learning new words is very useful to me 学新单词对我来说非常有用。做主语 8. The music is exciting. 那是首令人激动的音乐做表语

9. The boy singing now is a classmate of mine. 那个正在唱歌的男孩是我的同班同学。做定语 10. One day she came into my room laughing happily. 一天，她高兴地唱着走进我的房间。做伴随状语 11. The other students in the class keep their eyes closed. 在班上的其他学生都把他们的眼闭上。做补语

12. Built in 1949,the exhibition hall is almost 50 years old.

那所建立于1949的展览大厅有50年的历史了。做状语 第三节“阴魂不散的骨灰极”两大结构之 ——with结构与主格结构

为什么说是“阴魂不散”主要是说这两大结构在书面英语中你会经常遇到，经常感到难以理解。为什么说是“骨灰级”主要是因为这两大结构已经是简单句最难理解的部分了，如果你能够把这两大结构理解了，你也就是“骨灰级”人物了。

不过，这两大结构也不像我说的那样超恐怖，实际上，要是认真学起来，也不是太难。首先，我们来看with结构：

With 结构本身是由三部分组成：

with ＋名词/代词＋to do/doing /done /形容词/介词短语等 1 2 3

此句型的关键是第三部分，因为它可以由多种形式来构成， 请大家看下面的例句：

1. With so much work to do, he could not go home. 2. With his hands trembling, he sat there. 3. We like to sleep with windows open.

4. He stood there with his hands in his pockets

5. With the weather changed, we decided to put off the sports meet.

大家试试分析上面的四个句子中with 结构中的第三部分是由什么形式来充当的。 那么，主格结构又是什么“东东”呢？这个结构说白了跟with结构基本上是一样的，只不过比with结构少了个with 而已，换句话说，把with结构中的with仍

掉就成为主格结构了，超简单吧，with结构是由三部分组成，那么主格结构就是有两部分组成：

名词/代词＋to do/doing /done /形容词/介词短语等

下面的例句：6.Weather permitting ,we’ll go on a picnic tomorrow (如果天气允许，我们明天去野餐)

7．I gave you today three-fourths of the money, the rest to follow within a month. (今天我把那笔钱的四分之三给你，其余部分下个月内给你。)

8．The work done, they went home.(工作完了，他们回家了)

9. He stood at the door, his hands in his pocket.. (他站在门口，双手插在口袋里。)

10． He was waiting, his face white with anger. (他在等待着，脸气得发白。)’

请大家分析一下上面句子中划线部分作为主格结构是由什么形式来充当的。With 结构和主格结构，大家了解即可，看到这两个结构能把他们辨认出来就可以了。

第四节真正的“傀儡”—— It

我们说it是”傀儡”,主要源于it所特有的品质,it 可以作形式宾语和形式主语,这是其他词所不能的,什么是形式主语\\形式宾语?

形式主语，顾名思义，就是形式上的主语，并不是真正的主语，所以我们说它是“傀

儡”并不为过。大家看下面的例子： I. It is no use writing to her. 给她写信是没用的。

2. It is no use persuading him not to do this. 劝说他不干那件事是没有的。

3. It is difficult to understand these sentences. 理解这些句子是一件困难的事

上面的三个例子中It 就是作的形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动名词短语或者是动词不定式短语。比如第一句：动名词短语writing to her 是作真正的主语，第二句；动名词短语persuading him not to do this 是真正的主语，第三句：动词不定式短语to understand these sentences 作的真正的主语

形式宾语，顾名思义，形式上的宾语，并不是真正的宾语，大家看下面的例句：

4. I found it difficult to take care of a child. 我发现照看一个小孩子是困难的 5. I think it necessary to learn English. 我认为学英语很有必要。

上面两个句子中的it 就是作形式宾语，而动词不定式是作真正的宾语。比如第一句中的to take care of a child 就是作真正的宾语，第二句中的to learn English 作真正的宾语。

关于形式主语和形式宾语，大家了解即可，看到他们要能把他们辨认出来。练习七

判断下列句子中it 是作形式主语还是形式宾语

1. It is foolish of you to waste money . 2. I find it quite pleasant to talk with you . 3. It is impossible for us to understand him. 4. He made it clear why he didn’t come on time .

5. It is no use trying to explain .

6. She thinks it easy to understand a letter written in English. 7. It’s not very useful to read the whole book. 8. Mike made it clear that he disagreed. 9. Is it possible to go by bike ? 10. He felt it his duty to help her . 练习七答案

判断下列句子中it 是作形式主语还是形式宾语 1. It is foolish of you to waste money. 你浪费钱，真傻。形式主语

2. I find it quite pleasant to talk with you. 和你说话我感到很高兴。形式宾语 3. It is impossible for us to understand him. 让我们去理解他是不可能的。形式主语 4. He made it clear why he didn’t come on time . 他已经清楚地表达了他为什么没有按时来。形式宾语 5. It is no use trying to explain.

尽力地去解释是没有什么用的。形式主语

6. She thinks it easy to understand a letter written in English. 她认为去理解一封用英文写的信是容易的事。形式宾语 7. It’s not very useful to read the whole book. 读整本书没有多大用处。形式主语 8. Mike made it clear that he disagreed. 迈克明确地表达他不同意。形式宾语 9. Is it possible to go by bike ? 骑自行车去可能吗？形式主语

10. He felt it his duty to help her . 他感觉去帮助她是他的责任。形式宾语 综合练习

分析下列句子的句子结构 1. we are working.。

2. I can swim very well.

3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me. 4. Why does the wind blow.

5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day. 6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.

7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone. 8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow. 9. I have a lot of clothes to wash.

10. He gave his son some advice on reading. 11. Read me the first paragraph. 12. I’ve ordered some soup for you.

13. He began leaning English ten years ago. 14. My being late worried my teacher.

15. The president himself would visit our school. 16. April fool’Day is the special day of the year

17. He usually takes a nap after lunch. 18. I got it back at once.

19. He finished lunch and went into the garden. 20. The telephone rang. 21. We study hard.

22. His father might have died.

23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed 24. Can you make the dog stand still?

25. The landlord had them working day and night.

26. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing. 27. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning. 29. The book weighs five kilos. 30. They will be flying to London.

31. The shop assistant found some certain materials for me. 32. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary. 33. Please pass a newly- published to me. 34. He lived in Guang Zhou.

35. The father is showing the boy how to plant trees. 36. His uncle left him some money.

37. She has taught us English for 3 years. 38. I like popular music.

39. She knows what to do next. 40. I hate arriving late.

41. The meeting starts at three. 42. My heart is beating loudly. 43. Tom’s birthday is two weeks away. 44. He told me the news by telephone. 45. There are many people in the room. 46. He isn’t as tall as his brother.

47. I have a new sweater.

48. It is important to learn a foreign language now. 49. Trees turn green in spring. 50. He wants to be a doctor. 51. He refused to help me.

52. My teacher advises me to read English every day. 53. He became ill again. . He gives me a pen.

55. He speaks English better than me. 56. The earth is bigger than the moon. 57. There are some babies in the garden. 58. We have had supper.

59. The policemen are looking for the missed paper. 60. They elected him chairman. 61.The girl is about ten years old．

62 .was doing my homework at nine yesterday evening． 63.My mother told me an interesting story． .The summer holidays will begin next week． 65.There was a strong wind． 66.One of the windows is broken． 67.I heard him singing in the room． 68. The students got on the school bus. 69. He handed me the newspaper.

70. I shall answer your question after class 71. What a beautiful Chinese painting!

72. They went hunting together early in the morning. 73. His job is to train swimmers.

74. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 75. There is going to be an American film tonight. 76. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 77. His wish is to become a scientist.

78. He managed to finish the work in time. 79. Tom came to ask me for advice.

80. He found it important to master English. 81. Do you have anything else to say?

82. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good. 83. Would you please tell me your address? 84. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

85. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 86. He noticed a man enter the room. 87. The apples tasted sweet. 88. The sun was shining. . The moon rose.

90. The universe remains.

91. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 92. The dinner smells good. 93. He fell in love.

94. Who knows the answer? 95. She smiled her thanks.

96. He has refused to help them.

97. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 98. He brought you a dictionary. 99. They appointed him manager. 100. They painted the door green. 101. This set them thinking.

102. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 103. Who cares?

104. What he said does not matter. 105. Everything looks different. 106. He is growing tall and strong. 107. They are short of money. 108. He enjoys reading.

109. He said \"Good morning.\" 110. I showed him my pictures. 111. I gave my car a wash.

112. They found the house deserted. 113. What makes him think so?

114. We saw him out.

115. They talked for half an hour. 116. The pen writes smoothly 117. Our well has gone dry. 118. His face turned │red.

119. I want to have a cup of tea. 120. He was mistaken.

121. He showed me how to run the machine. 122. He asked me to come back soon. 123. I saw them getting on the bus. 综合练习答案

Exercises:分析下列句子的句子结构 1. We are working. 我们在工作。主系表 2. I can swim very well. 我游泳泳地很好。主谓

3. The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me. 那个使者给我了一瓶啤酒。主谓双宾/主谓宾状 4. Why does the wind blow? 风为什么会吹？主谓

5. The rain has been pulling down for a whole day. 雨已经下了一整天了。主谓

6. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. 汤姆和杰克都喜欢乡村音乐。主谓宾

7. Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone. 吉姆请我把他的最好的祝愿带给每个人。主谓宾补 8. You must get the car ready by tomorrow. 到明天为止你一定要把小车准备好。主谓宾补 9. I have a lot of clothes to wash.

我有许多的衣服需要洗。主谓宾，to wash做clothes的定语 10. He gave his son some advice on reading. 他在阅读方面给了他的儿子一些建议。主谓双宾

11. Read me the first paragraph. 给我读第一段。主谓双宾 12. I’ve ordered some soup for you. 我已经为你要了一些汤。主谓双宾 13. He began leaning English ten years ago. 十年前他开始学英语。主谓宾 14. My being late worried my teacher.

我的迟到让我的老师很担心。主谓宾，动名词短语My being late做主语 15. The president himself would visit our school. 总统将亲自参观我们的学校。主谓宾 16. April fool’Day is the special day of the year 愚人节是一年中很特别的一天。主系表 17. He usually takes a nap after lunch. 他通常在午饭之后要小睡一会儿。主谓宾 18. I got it back at once. 我马上把它取回。主谓宾

19. He finished lunch and went into the garden. 他吃完午饭后去了花园。主+并列谓语 20. The telephone rang. 电话响了。主谓 21. We study hard. 我们努力学习。主谓 22. His father might have died. 他的父亲可能已经去世了。主谓

23. Will you leave the door open/ unclosed? 你要把门开着？主谓宾补

24. Can you make the dog stand still? 你能让那只豿站着不动吗？主谓宾补

25. The landlord had them working day and night. 地主让他们整天工作，主谓宾补

26. A sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing. 扎实的语法知识对于写作是重要的。主系表 27. We all breathe, eat， and drink. 我们大家都要呼吸、吃和喝。主谓 28. I woke up at 6:00 in the morning。 我在早上6点钟起床。主谓 29. The book weighs five kilos.

那本书重达10斤。主谓，five kilos做状语 30. They will be flying to London. 他们将飞往伦敦。主谓宾 70楼

31. The shop assistant found some certain materials for me. 那个店员为我找到一些材料。主谓双宾/主谓宾状 32. He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary. 他许诺说要给我一本新英汉字典。主谓双宾 33. Please pass a newly- published to me. 请递给我一本新出版的。主谓双宾/主谓宾状 34. He lived in Guang Zhou. 他住在广州。主谓

35. The father is showing the boy how to plant trees. 那位父亲正在给那个男孩演示怎么种树。主谓双宾 36. His uncle left him some money. 他的叔叔留给了他一些钱。主谓双宾 37. She has taught us English for 3 years. 她已经教我们英语三年了。主谓双宾 38. I like popular music.

我喜欢流行音乐。主谓宾 39. She knows what to do next. 她知道下一步怎么做。主谓宾 40. I hate arriving late. 我讨厌来晚。主谓宾 41. The meeting starts at three. 会议在三点开始。主谓 42. My heart is beating loudly. 我的心跳的很厉害。主谓

43. Tom’s birthday is two weeks away. 汤姆的生日是在两星期之后。主系表 44. He told me the news by telephone. 他是通过电话告诉我那个消息的。主谓双宾 45. There are many people in the room. 房间里有很多人。There be句型 46. He isn’t as tall as his brother. 他和他的哥哥不一样高。主系表 47. I have a new sweater. 我有一件新运动衣。主谓宾

48. It is important to learn a foreign language now. 现在去学一们外语是非常重要的。主系表 49. Trees turn green in spring. 树木在春天变绿。主系表 50. He wants to be a doctor. 他要成为一个医生。主谓宾 51. He refused to help me. 他拒绝帮助我。主谓宾

52. My teacher advises me to read English every day.

我的老师建议我每天读英语。主谓宾补 53. He became ill again. 他又病了。主系表 . He gives me a pen. 他给我一只笔。主谓双宾

55. He speaks English better than me. 他说英语比我好。主谓宾

56. The earth is bigger than the moon. 地球比月亮大。主系表

57. There are some babies in the garden. 在花园里面有一些婴儿。There be句型 58. We have had supper. 我们吃过午饭了。主谓宾

59. The policemen are looking for the missed paper. **正在寻找失踪的文件。主谓宾 60. They elected him chairman. 他们推选他当。主谓宾补 61.The girl is about ten years old． 那个女孩大约十岁了。主系表

62. I was doing my homework at nine yesterday evening． 昨天晚上9点钟我正在做我的家庭作业。主谓宾 63.My mother told me an interesting story． 我妈妈给我讲了一个有趣的故事。主谓双宾 .The summer holidays will begin next week． 暑假将会在下周开始。主谓 65.There was a strong wind．

风真大呀！There be句型 66.One of the windows is broken． 有一扇窗户打破了。主谓 67.I heard him singing in the room． 我听到他在房间正在唱歌。主谓宾补 68. The students got on the school bus. 学生们登上校车。主谓宾 69. He handed me the newspaper. 他递给我那张报纸。主谓双宾

70. I shall answer your question after class. 下课后我将回答你的问题。主谓宾 71. He asked me to come back soon. 他要我早点回来。主谓宾补

72. They went hunting together early in the morning. 早上很早他们就一起去打猎。主谓 73. His job is to train swimmers. 他的工作是训练游泳者。主系表

74. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing. 他们在北京拍了许多宫殿的照片。主谓宾 75. There is going to be an American film tonight. 今天晚上将有一场美国电影。There be句型 76. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow. 他明天要去上海。主系表 77. His wish is to become a scientist. 他的愿望是成为一名科学家。主系表 78. He managed to finish the work in time. 他下定决心要及时完成那项工作。主谓宾 79. Tom came to ask me for advice.

汤姆来找我寻求建议。主谓，to ask me for advice做目的状语 80. He found it important to master English. 他发现掌握英语非常重要。主谓宾补 81. Do you have anything else to say?

你还有别的要说的吗？主谓宾，to say做anything else定语 82. To be honest， your pronunciation is not so good. 老实说，你的发音不太好。主系表 83. Would you please tell me your address? 你能告诉我你的地址吗？主谓双宾 84. He sat there, reading a newspaper.

他坐在那儿读着报纸。主谓，reading a newspaper 做伴随状语，there做地点状语

85. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy. 保持我们教室的干净和整洁是我们的职责。主系表 86. He noticed a man enter the room. 他注意到一个人进了房间。主谓宾补 87. The apples tasted sweet. 那些苹果尝起来很甜。主系表 88. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。主谓 . The moon rose. 月亮升起了。主谓 90. The universe remains. 宇宙长存。主谓

91. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。主系表 92. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。主系表

93. He fell in love. 他堕入了情网。主系表 94. Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？主谓宾 95. She smiled her thanks.

她微笑表示感谢。主谓宾。Smile在这里做及物动词，表示：以微笑表示…… 96. He has refused to help them. 他拒绝帮他们的忙。主谓宾

97. She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。主谓双宾 98. He brought you a dictionary. 他给你带来了一本字典。主谓双宾 99. They appointed him manager. 他们任命他当经理。主谓宾补 100. They painted the door green. 他们把门漆成绿色。主谓宾补 101. This set them thinking. 这使得他们要细想一想。主谓宾补 102. I saw them getting on the bus. 我看到他们登上汽车。主谓宾补 103. Who cares? 管它呢？主谓 104. It doesn’t matter. 没关系。主谓

105. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。主系表 106. He grows tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。主系表。 107. They are short of money.

他们缺少钱。主谓宾，be short of做谓语 108. He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。主谓宾 109. He said \"Good morning.\" 他说：“早上好！”主谓宾 110. I showed him my pictures. 我给他看我的照片。主谓双宾 111. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽车。主谓双宾 112. They found the house deserted. 他们发现那房子无人居住。主谓宾补 113. What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？主谓宾补 114. We saw him out. 我们送他出去。主谓宾补 115. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。主谓 116. The pen writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。主谓 117. Our well has gone dry. 我们的井干枯了。主系表 118. His face turned red. 他的脸红了。主系表

119. I want to have a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。主谓宾 120. He was mistaken. 他犯了错误。主系表

121. He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。主谓双宾