专题六 形容词和副词
考点1 形容词的基本用法
形容词作宾语补足语 ★★☆
典例1 [2019江西南昌三模,61] From news articles and recipes to yoga classes, you can find almost everything on the Internet. Many people find this way of life more (convenience).
句意:从新闻文章、食谱到瑜伽课,你几乎可以在网上找到所有的东西。很多人觉得这种生活方式更方便。此处是\"find+宾语+宾补\"结构,此处的宾补由形容词充当,所以填convenient。
convenient
考点2 副词的基本用法
副词的语法功能 ★★☆
典例2 [2019四川成都一诊,62]As simple as the name suggests, Walking Football is (definite)just playing football at walking pace.
句意:顾名思义,\"步行足球\" 当然就是以步行的速度踢足球。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰副词just,故应用definite的副词形式。
definitely
常见的修饰或连接句子的副词 ★★☆
典例3 [2020江西南昌重点中学段考,63]Walking at a pace of 4 mph burns around 300 calories per hour. (consequent), power walking, in addition to a healthy diet, helps manage your weight.
根据语境可知,空处前后句表示因果关系;分析句子结构可知,空处在句首,修饰整个句子,作状语, 故用所给词的副词形式。该空位于句首,首字母应大写。
Consequently
典例4 [2020广东六校联考,68] (amazing), it has been proved that if drunk regularly, white tea will greatly benefit people’s physical and mental health.
分析句子结构可知,空处位于句首修饰整个句子,作状语,故用所给词的副词形式;该空位于句首,首字母应该大写。Amazingly在此为评注性副词,表示说话人的情感。
Amazingly
考点3 形容词和副词的比较等级
形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成规则★★★
典例5 [2019河南洛阳二模,65]She (far) explained although this woman was old and bedridden(卧床不起的), she was still a lady, and the old deserved to be treated with respect.
句意:她进一步解释道,尽管这个女人年迈且卧床不起,可她仍然是一位女士,而且老年人应该受到尊重。此处表示\"进一步解释\指程度,应用far的比较级further。
further
比较级 ★★★
典例6 [2019安徽黄山八校联考,68]If you are a beginner, it is much (safe) to join a group for storm-chasing vacations during the stormy season.
根据语境可知,此处表示\"加入一个团体就安全得多\题干中虽然没有than,但是暗含比较,再结合空前的副词much可判断出,此处应用形容词的比较级。故填safer。
safer
典例7 [2019湖南三湘名校第一次大联考,62]During an interview, Professor Hawking warned that AI(人工智能) would soon reach a level where it would be a \"new form of life\" that would perform (well) than humans.
此处表示比人类表现得更出色。根据语境及空后的than可知,空处应填比较级,well的比较级是better。 better
最高级 ★★★
典例8 [2019山东日照高三期中,62]Shenquan Guyu, a large-scale health and leisure village club, is one of the
(large)hot spring bases in North China.
语境表示\"神泉古域\"是华北地区最大的温泉基地之一。根据空前的\"one of the\"和空后表示比较范围的\"in North China\"可知,此处要用形容词最高级largest。
largest
考法1 考查词性转换
典例9 [2019全国Ⅲ,67 & 68] They also shared with us many (tradition) stories
about Hawaii that were
(huge) popular with tourists.
句意:他们还跟我们分享了许多有关夏威夷的传统故事,这些故事深受游客喜爱。第一空修饰名词stories,应用tradition的形容词形式traditional;第二空修饰形容词popular,应用huge的副词形式hugely。
traditional; hugely
考法总结 本题考查形容词和副词的构词法。应先确定空处所填词的词性,再将所给词转换为相应的形容词或副词。
考法2 考查形容词和副词的比较等级
典例10 [2016甲卷(全国Ⅱ),61]If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work, you should take a step
back and identify(识别) those of (great) and less importance.
句意:如果工作中的责任让你焦虑不安,你应该后退一步,识别那些更重要和次要的责任。根据语境及下文的\"and less importance\"可知,此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰importance,故填greater。
greater
考法总结 这道题没有给出明显的比较对象,但根据空后的\"less\"可判断此处应用比较级。
难点2 同根副词加-ly和不加-ly
典例11 [2019山东淄博二模,64] Added to UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage List in 2010,
acupuncture(针灸) and moxibustion(艾灸) have been (wide) practiced in China for thousands of years.
句意:针灸和艾灸在中国已经被广泛应用数千年,2010年,它们被列入联合国教科文组织非物质文化遗产名录。修饰动词practiced应用副词,再结合语境可知,此处表示 \"广泛地\故用副词widely。
widely
方法1 牢记词形变化,准确判断形式
典例12 [2015新课标全国Ⅰ,69]Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it
(regular) arranges quick getaways here for people...
考查副词。本空修饰动词arranges,应用regular的副词形式。 regularly
方法2 扩大词汇量,准确辨析词义
典例13 [2019安徽黄山高三八校联考,64]\"Storm chasing\" is becoming (increase) popular,
especially in the Midwest of the United States.
此处表示\"风暴追逐\"变得越来越受欢迎。空处在句中修饰形容词popular,应用副词,increasingly表示\"越来越多地,不断增加地\"。
increasingly
方法3 体会语境深层含义,正确使用比较级和最高级 典例14 —Do you think the weather is good enough for a picnic?
—Yes.You can’t hope for a (nice) day at this time of year.
句意:——你认为这天气好到能进行野餐了吗?——是的。在一年中的这个时候,你不能期望(比这)更好的天气。比较级与否定词连用表示最高级含义。
nicer
1.[2020浙江1月,62]This is (particular) true in the US.
2.[2019全国Ⅱ,70] But then we got an official letter and we were blown away. We are so proud of
her. It’s (wonder).
3.[2019浙江6月,60]When the children are walking or (cycling) to school on dark mornings, car
drivers can (easy) see them.
4.[2018全国Ⅰ,61]According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years
(long) than non-runners.
5.[2018全国Ⅰ,69]Running is cheap, easy and it’s always (energy). 6.[2018全国Ⅲ,63]He screams the (loud) of all.
7.[2018浙江11月,58] (recent), caffeine has found its way into orange, apple, and other
flavored drinks.
8.[2018浙江6月,62]The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be
(afford) but doing this most days adds up.
9.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ),66]...it must have been (fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the
smoke and noise.
10.[2017甲卷(全国Ⅱ),70]The Central London Railway was one of the most (success) of these
new lines, and was opened in 1900.
11.[2017江苏,29]Only five years after Steve Jobs’ death, smart phones defeated
(convention) PCs in sales.
12.[2017江苏,34]The disappearance of dinosaurs is not necessarily caused by astronomical
incidents. But (alternate) explanations are hard to find.
13.[2017浙江6月,60]Sixteen years (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a
meal.
14.[2016乙卷(全国Ⅰ),63]From tomorrow, I will be their UK ambassador. The title will be
(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.
15.[2016浙江6月,13]A sudden stop can be a very frightening experience, (especial) if you
are travelling at high speed.
1.particularly 此处修饰形容词true应用副词,故填particularly,表示\"尤其,特别\"。
2.wonderful 分析句子结构可知,空处所填词在句中作表语,故应填wonder的形容词形式。blow sb. away表示\"使某人大为惊讶\"。
3.easily 考查副词。此处应用easy的副词形式来修饰动词,故填easily。 4.longer 空后有than及比较对象,故用long的比较级longer。
5.energetic and连接两个并列分句,两个分句都表示跑步的特征,and前面的cheap和easy均为形容词,故此处应用形容词energetic作表语,意为\"需要能量的,剧烈的\"。
6.loudest 根据语境并结合空前的the和空后的of all可知,空处应用loud的最高级形式。 7.Recently 分析句子结构可知,空处位于句首,修饰整个句子,应用副词Recently作状语。 8.affordable 根据语境可知,此处表示一周在外就餐一到两次或许是负担得起的。be动词后应用形容词作表语,故填affordable。
9.fairly 考查副词。此处修饰形容词unpleasant,应用副词,故填fairly。
10.successful 考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的the most可知,此处表达最高级意义。故填successful。
11.conventional 句意:仅仅在史蒂夫·乔布斯去世五年后,智能手机在销量方面就击败了传统的个人电脑。conventional\"传统的\"符合句意。
12.alternative 句意:恐龙的消失未必是由天文事件引起的,但是很难找到其他的解释。alternative\"可供替代的,另外的\"符合句意。
13.earlier 考查副词的比较级。此处表示\"16年前\故填earlier\"……之前,先前\"。 14.officially 考查词性转换。修饰动词应该用副词,所以填officially。
15.especially 句意:急刹车有时是非常吓人的经历,特别是当你正在高速行进的时候。修饰句子应用副词,故填especially\"特别,尤其\"。
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