改错和短文听力课件

一．考试大纲要求

改错部分要求考生根据对文章的理解，运用语篇、语法和词汇知识辨认文章中出现的语言错误并加以改正。” 二. 理性挑错原则： 1. 边读边用分隔符； 2. 挑出and, or，抓动词； 3. 连动正确，看代词； 4. 表达逻辑要谨慎； 5. 最后考虑抓介词。 三. 理性挑错原则解析和练习

第一招：“边读边用分隔符” “//”“/”

《改错练习资料》第1题（2002年6月的六级考试真题）

The whole monstrous growth rests on economic prosperity,//

but behind it lies two myths: //the myth of the city as a promised 77. ________ land, that attracts immigrants from rural poverty and /brings 78. ________ it flooding into city centers, //and the myth of the country as a 79. ________ Garden of Eden, which, a few generations late, sends them 80. ________ flooding out again to the suburbs.

第二招，“挑出and, or，抓动词”

平行结构错误：连词“and、or”左右连接的成分，出现形式不一致的错误。

第2题（2005年12月的考试真题）

Restrict yourself to one or two pages, and listing any publications or referees on a separate sheet.

把listing改成list

第3题（2006年6月的六级考试题）

Their experiments have shown / that reading disorders are most likely the result of / what is, in effect, faulty wiring in

the brain—not lazy, stupidity or a poor home environment. 74. ________

把lazy改成laziness

“抓动词”：谓语动词(时态错误、主谓不一致)、非谓语动词（-ed,-ing） 第4题：

But more than 50 percent of Americans have similar trouble sleeping

a few times a week; one in threes says insomnia strikes nearly every night. 73. ________ （主语One in threes 指1/3的人，复数） 把says改成say

第5题

Growth in gross domestic product was 4.1 percent; profits soar; exports flourished.

把soar改成soared 第6题

Even as they announced higher sales and profits, corporations acted as if they were in a tailspin, cut 516069 jobs in 1994 alone.

把cut改成cutting 第7题：

7）The average tattoo contains four or five colors, each injecting 76. injecting—injected with a separate instrument.Every visit will leave the skin sore and stinging, and to prevent infection on the area is finally

treated with an antiseptic (消毒的) cream and covering with a 77. covering—covered dressing. After a few days it finally heal over, left the new tattoo 78. left—leaving clearly visible under the skin.

两个谓语抓连词：

8）The macroeconomic situation was good, and the microeconomic numbers were not good. 把and改为but

9）If you carefully build a toy house with an erect set, it will still

stand no matter how much you shake the table. And if you build 73. ________ a toy house with a pack of cards, a slight shake of the table will make it fall. 把and改成but

10）But in the last several years, there's been a revolution / in that we've learned about reading and dyslexia.

名词性从句易考that和what混淆的错误

将that改成what

理性挑错原则的第三招：“3、连词正确，看代词” 我们对付代词错误时，只需记住两点：

1、代词取决于它前面指代的名词，不受代词后面的名词影响。

2、忽视插入语。

11）During the 1980's culture wars, school systems across the country

pulled some books from library shelves because its content was 79. its—their deemed by parents and teachers to be inappropriate.

12) Some students may adopt all kinds of measures, according to

the report, even ill one to get high marks which are the only 72. one—ones standard used to select the all-round students.

理性挑错原则的第四招：“表达逻辑要谨慎”

13）Get someone to check for spelling and grammatical errors, because a spell-checker will pick up every mistake.

在will 和pick之间加上not。

14) At the same time, through a provision of the Patriot Act,

the leaders of our country are unconsciously sending

the message that reading may be connected to desirable 74. ________

activities that might undermine our system of government rather than helping democracy flourish.

将desirable改成undesirable

15）Yes, unemployment went up. But over 1 million workers were 77. up—down So discouraged that they left the labor force. More than 6 million who wanted full -time job were only partially employed.

将up改成down

16）According to the survey, \"reading is on the decline on every region, 71. on—in within every ethnic group, and at every educational level.\"

（固定搭配） （Word 22）

理性挑错原则的第五招：“最后考虑抓介词”

17）Although research can not be separated with experiments and 73. with—from production experience, post graduation should be connected

to laboratories and workshops. 74. to—with

18）It's an urgent mission. Mass literacy is a relative new social goal. （应将relative改成relatively）

19）Doctor Brundtland, head of the WHO, says a number of leprosy 72. a—the cases around the world has been cut by ninety percent during the past ten years.

（固定搭配）

一．六级改错常考的反义词1. 派生反义词：

第二讲

encourage—discourage load—unload satisfy—dissatisfy

2. 互补性反义词：

dead—alive male—female married—single

3. 换位性反义词：

buy—sell give—receive lend—borrow left—right

二．用法搭配方面的错误

1. 介词

1）介词与动词搭配：

accuse sb. of charge sb. with（控告某人犯有„„罪） prevent sb. from prohibit sb. from differ from contribute to

2） 介词与名词搭配:

count on（指望、依靠） influence on improve on（对…加以改良） belief in confidence in advantage over preference over（优先考虑） attitude to solution to

3）介词与形容词搭配：

different from indifferent to（冷漠、不在乎）

dependent on independent of

guilty of（有……之过错；对……感到内疚） innocent of（无罪的，清白的） persistent in proficient in（熟练、精通）

4）介词引起的短语：

in contrast（与此相反、比较起来） in turn/by turns（轮流，依次） in the long run（长远；终究） by means of in terms of on good/bad terms with on the contrary（正相反） by chance

2. 成语

1） 介词错误：

take pride for(→in)， abide to(→by)， persist on(→in)， have no ear to(→for)对…没有欣赏能力

2） 冠词错误：

in the contrast(in contrast)

all of sudden (all of a sudden突然地，出乎意料地) keep a pace with (keep pace with并驾齐驱，保持同步)

3） 名词单复数：

take turn (take turns轮流；依次)

make friend with (make friends with)

keep/ break one's words (keep/break one's word)

第三讲 听力短文审题技巧

一.看问题找主题

短文听力的“黄金三段式”。

1. 第一个问题选项均是名词词组，中心词不同，但限定词一样，则第一个问题是考主题。 Eg. 1：

1. [A] The necessity of fashion. [B] The waste of fashion.

[C] The development of fashion. [D] The popularity of fashion. Eg. 2：

1. [A] The advantages of telephone. [B] The advantages of telephone.

[C] He sends e-mails frequently by Internet. [D] He mainly plays games on Internet.

该问题是考短文主题，答案通常在听力开头的前三句。

2. 第一个问题选项均是句子，并且每句都有重复的单词或词组，该单词或词组便是短文主

题中心词。 Eg. 3：

29. [A] The custom of wedding in Britain.

[B] The arrangement of wedding in Britain. [C] The announcement of wedding in Britain. [D] The entertainment of wedding in Britain. Eg. 4：

29. [A] He uses Internet at least an hour per week. [B] He uses Internet for shopping.

[C] He sends e-mails frequently by Internet. [D] He mainly plays games on Internet.

3. 如果第一个问题的选项是以特殊疑问词引导的句子，如下： Eg. 5：

19. [A] How to improve spoken English. [B] How to speak fluently. [C] How to speak correctly.

[D] How to study English successfully. Eg. 6：

22. [A] The things a new secretary needs to pay attention to. [B] How to write an apologizing letter. [C] What the secretary’s daily work is.

[D] When the proper time is to write an apologizing letter.

该问题是考短文主题，答案通常在听力开头的前三句。

二.判断细节定策略

短文听力的出题规律：按录音顺序。

以下情况是考细节：

1. 第一题（首先考虑是否考主题）的选项是以代词为主语的句子、以Because为引导词的

句子，考查的是细节。 Eg. 7：

26. [A] He killed him.

[B] He chased them away from his territory. [C] He enslaved them. [D] He intimidated them. Eg. 8：

26. [A] Because it is their tradition.

[B] Because it contains certain chemicals.

[C] Because a lot of important business is conducted in teahouses. [D] Because it can make people feel comfortable or relaxed.

2. 第二至第三个问题考细节

细节题一般是原词、原句再现，通常考查具体例子、转折陈述等，故在做听力笔记时，要特别留心标志词之后的内容。

举例的标志词：such as, for example, for instance, the first, the second，besides, also, furthermore, in addition, what’s more, last

标志性的星级词：most of，the most important，the only one，the best one，more, better 因果关系词：because, since, in that, as a result, due to, therefore, so

转折或让步词：although, though, but, however, yet, in spite of, despite, otherwise, on the other hand

对比词：as…as, in contrast, compared with, while, whereas

审题时，要划出每个选项的中心词，用定点听单词或短语的方法。

3. 第四题的选项如果是名词词组、介词短语或句子，通常是考细节，采用定点听单词或短语的方法。如： Eg. 9：

35. [A] Exhibition. [B] Movie.

[C] Neon lights. [D] Broadcasts. Eg. 10：

31. [A] In a restaurant. [B] In a local hall. [C] In church.

[D] In the bride’s home. Eg. 11：

28. [A] Drink other refreshments instead of tea. [B] Don't drink tea constantly. [C] Don’t drink over-strong tea.

[D] Realize the negative effexts of over-strong tea.

4. 第四题的选项如果是表态度的名词，需要注意以下表观点态度的形容词：

表示漠然: indifferent, detached, careless 表示热情: enthusiastic, warm-hearted 表示积极: active, positive 表示消极: negative 表示乐观: optimistic

表示悲观: pessimistic

表示赞成：approval, reasonable , favorable, wise

表示反对：disapproval, unwise, ridiculous, foolish, childish4 表示关心：concerned, careful

表示怨恨或生气：hatred, angry, irritated

表示害怕或担心：fearful, frightened, worried, nervous 表示批评或讽刺：critical, ironic

表示失望或灰心: disappointed, discouraged 表示后悔或遗憾: regretful, pity, shameful

三.听力笔记

Eg. 12：

M：多 S live off 因： 满 W：cond. need ↑

But S Un. for 知、career ∴ cond. 2nd

M: No. nice cond.↑习 nicer、quieter to 习、rest W: work with poor rooms Lib./Classroom

M: No. noisy、挤、damp affect rest how study? W: But avoid in life

∴ learn 忍 hardships

M：hardships teach things but pay for it I ：good If S 满，no one off

W：afraid cond. ↑ in one day

Eg. 13

W：dinner M：wait

W：worry U

Since PC U elec. playground how much time on PC? M: hours

W: shouldn’t much time 忽 schoolwork M: PC help acad. study W: PC study

M： big use connect me & Inter. online

W： I heard but what do

M: lots eg. e-mail 友 faster、safer chat meet 人 W: interesting

M: edu. web. Help learn 法 everyday W: hope u. 法 fluent

M： much progress ↑Co. do business 人 home、shop W： I want to learn

online