Reading, MA Addison-Wesley.

Adams, D. A., Nelson, R. R., & Todd, P. A. (1992). Perceived usefulness, ease of use,

and usage of information technology: A replication. Management InformationSystems Quarterly, 16, 227-247.

Ajzen, I., & Fishbein, M. (1980). Understanding attitudes and predicting social behavior.

Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Ajzen, I., & Madden, T. J. (1986). Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes,

intentions, and perceived behavioral control. Journal of Experimental SocialPsychology, 22, 453-474.

Aldag, R. J., & Power, D. J. (1986). An empirical assessment of computer-assisted

decision analysis. Decision Sciences, 17, 572-588.

Anderson, A. A. (1996). Predictors of computer anxiety and performance in information

systems. Computers in Human Behavior, 12, 61-78.

Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.

Psychological Review, 84, 191-215.

Barki, H., & Hartwick, J. (19). Rethinking the concept of user involvement.

Management Information Systems Quarterly, 13, 53-63.

Barki, H., & Hartwick, J. (1994). Measuring user participation, user involvement, and

user attitude. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 18, 59-82.

Baroudi, J. J., Olson, M. H., & Ives, B. (1986). An empirical study of the impact of

user involvement on system usage and information satisfaction. Communications ofthe ACM, 29, 232-238.

Berg, M. (1995). Rationalizing medical work. Unpublished doctoral dissertation,

University of Limburg, Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Berry, D. C., & Broadbent, D. E. (1987). Expert systems and the man-machine

interface, part two. Expert Systems, 4, 18-28.

Boden, M. (1990). Artificial intelligence and images of man. In R. Ennals and J. Gardin

(Eds.), Interpretation in the humanities: Perspectives from artificial intelligence(pp. 10-21). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Booth, P. A. (1992). An introduction to human-computer interaction. Hove, UK:

Lawrence Erlbaum.

Bordoloi, B., Mykytyn, K., & Mykytyn, P. P. (1996). A framework to limit systems

developers' legal liabilities. Journal of Management Information Systems, 12, 161-186.

130

References

Bridges, S. M. (1995). A model for justification production by expert planning systems.

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 43, 593-619.

Buchanan, B. G., & Shortliffe, E. H. (1985). The context of the MYCIN experiments. In

B. G. Buchanan and E. H. Shortliffe (Eds.), Rule-based expert systems (pp. 3-19).Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Cacioppo, J. T., & Petty, R. E. (1982). The need for cognition. Journal of Personality

and Social Psychology, 42, 116-131.

Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Kao, C. F. (1984). The efficient assessment of need for

cognition. Journal of Personality Assessment, 48, 306-307.

Cacioppo, J. T., Petty, R. E., & Morris, K. (1983). Effects of need for cognition on

message evaluation, recall, and persuasion. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 45, 805-818.

Card, S. K., Moran, T. P., & Newell, A. (1983). The psychology of human-computer

interaction. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Carroll, J. M. (1997). Human-computer interaction: Psychology as a science of design.

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 46, 501-522.Carroll, J. M., & Thomas, J. C. (1988). Fun. SIGCHI bulletin, 19, 21-24.

Chen, Z. (1992). User responsibility and exception handling in decision support systems.

Decision Support Systems, 8, 537-0.

Cleal, D. M., & Heaton, N. O. (1990). Knowledge-based systems: Implications for

human computer interfaces. New York: Ellis Horwood.

Collins, W. R., & Miller, K. W. (1995). Programming and the public trust. In D. G.

Johnson and H. Nissenbaum (Eds.), Computers, ethics & social values (pp. 573-575). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Compeau, D. R., & Higgins, C. A. (1995). Computer self-efficacy: Development of a

measure and initial test. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 19, 1-212.Cooke, N. J. (1994). Varieties of knowledge elicitation techniques. International Journal

of Human-Computer Studies, 41, 801-849.

Cornford, T., Doukidis, G. I., & Forster, D. (1994). Experience with a structure,

process and outcome framework for evaluating an information system. Omega, 22,491-504.

Davis, F. D. (19). Perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and user acceptance of

information technology. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 13, 319-340.Davis, F. D. (1993). User acceptance of information technology: System characteristics,

user perceptions and behavioral impacts. International Journal of Man-MachineStudies, 38, 475-487.

References

131

Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (19). User acceptance of computer

technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35,982-1003.

Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1992). Extrinsic and intrinsic

motivation to use computers in the workplace. Journal of Applied SocialPsychology, 22, 1111-1132.

Davis, F. D., & Kottemann, J. E. (1994). User perceptions of decision support

effectiveness: Two production planning experiments. Decision Sciences, 25, 57-77.Davis, F. D., Lohse, G. L., & Kottemann, J. E. (1994). Harmful effects of seemingly

helpful information on forecasts of stock earnings. Journal of EconomicalPsychology, 15, 253-267.

de Boer, T. W. (1994). Modelleren van expertise in expertsystemen. Unpublished doctoral

dissertation, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.De Greene, K. B. (1991). Emergent complexity and person-machine systems.

International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 32, 219-234.

Dhaliwal, J. S., & Benbasat, I. (1996). The use and effects of knowledge-based system

explanations: Theoretical foundations and a framework for empirical evaluation.Information Systems Research, 7, 342-362.

Dijkstra, J. J. (1995). The influence of an expert system on the user's view: How to fool

a lawyer. New Review of Applied Expert Systems, 1, 123-138.

Dijkstra, J. J. (1997). User agreement with incorrect expert system advice. Manuscript

submitted for publication.

Dijkstra, J. J., Liebrand, W. B. G., & Timminga, E. (in press). Persuasiveness of expert

systems. Behaviour & Information Technology.

Duan, Y., Edwards, J. S., & Robins, P. C. (1995). An analysis of users' reactions to an

expert advisory system. Expert Systems with Applications, 9, 271-282.

Durkin, J. (1994). Expert systems: Design and development. New York: Macmillan.Eagly, A. H., & Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth, TX: HBJ.Endsley, M. R., & Kiris, E. O. (1995). The out-of-the-loop performance problem and

level of control in automation. Human Factors, 37, 381-394.

Feigenbaum, E., McCorduck, P., & Nii, H. P. (1988). The rise of the expert company.

New York: Times.

Fishbein, M., & Ajzen, I. (1975). Belief, attitude, intention, and behavior: An

introduction to theory and research. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Galletta, D. F., & Lederer, A. L. (19). Some cautions on the measurement of user

information satisfaction. Decision Sciences, 20, 413-438.

Gatain, A. W. (1994). Is user satisfaction a valid measure of system effectiveness?

Information & Management, 26, 119-131.

132

References

Gill, T. G. (1995). Early Expert Systems: Where Are They Now? Management

Information Systems Quarterly, 19, 51-82.

Ginzberg, M. J. (1981). Early diagnosis of MIS implementation failure: Promising results

and unanswered questions. Management Science, 27, 459-478.

Goul, M., Henderson, J. C., & Tonge, F. M. (1992). The emergence of artificial

intelligence as a reference discipline for decision support systems research.Decision Sciences, 23, 1263-1276.

Hart, S. G., & Straveland, L. E. (1988). Development of NASA-TLX. In P. A. Hancock

and N. Meshkati (Eds.), Human mental workload (pp. 139-183). Amsterdam:North-Holland.

Hartwick, J., & Barki, H. (1994). Explaining the role of user participation in information

system use. Management Science, 40, 440-465.

Hayes-Roth, F., & Jacobstein, N. (1994). The state of knowledge-based systems.

Communications of the ACM, 37, 27-39.

Heinssen, R., Glass, C., & Knight, L. (1987). Assessing computer anxiety: Development

and validation of computer anxiety rating scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 3,49-59.

Hendrickson, A. R., Massey, P. D., & Cronan, T. P. (1993). On the test-retest

reliability of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use scales. ManagementInformation Systems Quarterly, 17, 227-230.

Hill, T., Smith, N. D., & Mann, M. F. (1987). Role of efficacy expectations in

predicting the decision to use advanced technologies: The case of computers.Journal of Applied Psychology, 72, 307-313.

Hollnagel, E. (19). The reliability of expert systems - an inquiry of the background. In

E. Hollnagel (Ed.), The reliability of expert systems (pp. 14-32). Sussex, UK: EllisHorwood.

Hollnagel, E. (1990). Responsibility issues in intelligent decision support systems. In D.

Berry and A. Hart (Eds.), Expert systems, human issues (pp. 237-249). London:Chapman and Hall.

Igbaria, M. (1993). User acceptance of microcomputer technology: An empirical test.

Omega, 21, 73-90.

Igbaria, M., & Chakrabarti, A. (1990). Computer anxiety and attitudes towards

microcomputer use. Behaviour & Information Technology, 9, 229-241.

Igbaria, M., & Iivari, J. (1995). The effects of self-efficacy on computer usage. Omega,

23, 587-606.

Igbaria, M., Iivari, J., & Maragahh, H. (1995). Why do individuals use computer

technology? A finnish case study. Information & Management, 29, 227-238.Igbaria, M., & Nachman, S. A. (1990). Correlates of user satisfaction with end user

computing: An exploratory study. Information & Management, 19, 73-82.

References

133

Igbaria, M., Schiffman, S. J., & Wieckowski, T. J. (1994). The respective roles of

perceived usefulness and perceived fun in the acceptance of microcomputertechnology. Behaviour & Information Technology, 13, 349-361.

Iivari, J., & Ervasti, I. (1994). User information satisfaction: IS implementability and

effectiveness. Information & Management, 27, 205-220.

Ives, B., Olson, M. H., & Baroudi, J. J. (1983). The measurement of user information

satisfaction. Communications of the ACM, 26, 785-793.

Jagodzinski, P., Holmes, S., & Dennis, I. (1990). User-acceptance of a knowledge-based

system for the management of child abuse cases. In D. Berry and A. Hart (Eds.),Expert systems, human issues (pp. 48-). London: Chapman and Hall.

Jones, P. M., & Mitchell, C. M. (1995). Human-Computer cooperative problem solving:

Theory, design, and evaluation of an intelligent associate system. IEEETransactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, 25, 1039-1053.

Keil, M., Beranek, P. M., & Konsynski, B. R. (1995). Usefulness and ease of use: Field

study evidence regarding task considerations. Decision Support Systems, 13, 75-91.

Kernan, M. C., & Howard, G. S. (1990). Computer anxiety and computer attitudes: An

investigation of construct and predictive validity issues. Educational andPsychological Measurement, 50, 681-690.

Kiers, H. A. L. (1990). SCA user's manual. Groningen, The Netherlands: iec

ProGAMMA.

Kiers, H. A. L., & Ten Berge, J. M. F. (19). Alternating least square algorithms for

simultaneous components analysis with equal weight matrices in two or morepopulations. Psychometrika, , 467-473.

Kottemann, J. E., Davis, F. D., & Remus, W. E. (1994). Computer-assisted decision

making: Performance, beliefs, and the illusion of control. Organizational Behaviorand Human Decision Processes, 57, 26-37.

Kottemann, J. E., & Remus, W. E. (1987). Evidence and principles of functional and

dysfunctional DSS. Omega, 15, 135-143.

Lee, J. D., & Moray, N. (1994). Trust, self-confidence, and operators' adaptation to

automation. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 40, 153-184.Leveson, N. G., & Turner, C. S. (1995). An investigation of the Therac-25 accidents. In

D. G. Johnson and H. Nissenbaum (Eds.), Computers, ethics & social values (pp.474-513). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

MacKenzie, D. (1994). Computer related accidental death: An empirical exploration.

Science and Public Policy, 21, 233-248.

Mak, B., Schmitt, B. H., & Lyytinen, K. (1997). User participation in knowledge update

of expert systems. Information & Management, 32, 55-.

Malone, T. W. (1981). What makes computer games fun? Byte, 258-276.

134

References

Mathieson, K. (1991). Predicting user intentions: Comparing the technology acceptance

model with the theory of planned behavior. Information Systems Research, 2, 173-191.

McGraw, K. L. (1992). Designing and evaluating user interfaces for knowledge-based

systems. Chichester, UK: Ellis Horwood.

McGraw, K. L., & Harbison-Briggs, K. H. (19). Knowledge acquisition: Principles

and guidelines. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Melone, N. P. (1990). A theoretical assessment of the user-satisfaction construct in

information systems research. Management Science, 36, 76-91.

Miller, M. D., & Rainer, R. K. (1995). Assessing and improving the dimensionality of

the computer anxiety rating scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement,55, 652-657.

Moldafsky, N. I., & Kwon, I. (1994). Attributes affecting computer-aided decision

making - A literature survey. Computers in Human Behavior, 10, 299-324.Molenaar, I. W., Debets, P., Sijtsma, K., & Hemker, B. T. (1994). MSP user's manual.

Groningen, The Netherlands: iec ProGAMMA.

Monk, A. (1984). Fundamentals of human-computer interaction. London: Academic

Press.

Moore, G. C., & Benbasat, I. (1991). Development of an instrument to measure the

perceptions of adopting an information technology innovation. Information SystemsResearch, 2, 192-222.

Morrow, P. C., Prell, E. R., & McElroy, J. C. (1986). Attitudinal and behavioral

correlates of computer anxiety. Psychological Reports, 59, 1199-1204.

Murphy, D. S., & Yetmar, S. A. (1996). Auditor evidence evaluation: Expert systems as

credible sources. Behaviour & Information Technology, 15, 14-23.

Mykytyn, K., Mykytyn, P. G., & Slinkman, C. W. (1990). Expert systems: A question

of liability? Management Information Systems Quarterly, 14, 27-42.

Newell, A., & Simon, H. A. (1972). Human problem solving. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:

Prentice-Hall.

Nielsen, J., & Levy, J. (1994). Measuring usability: Preference vs. performance.

Communications of the ACM, 37, 66-75.

Nissenbaum, H. (1995). Computing and accountability. In D. G. Johnson and H.

Nissenbaum (Eds.), Computers, ethics & social values (pp. 526-538). EnglewoodCliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Norman, D. A. (1986). Cognitive engineering. In D. A. Norman and S. W. Draper

(Eds.), User centered system design (pp. 31-61). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Norman, D. A. (1993). Things that make us smart: Defending human attributes in the age

of the machine. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

References

135

O'Keefe, D. J. (1990). Persuasion: Theory and research. Newbury Park, CA: Sage

Publications.

Paré, G., & Elam, J. J. (1995). Discretionary use of personal computers by knowledge

workers: Testing of a social psychology theoretical model. Behaviour &Information Technology, 14, 215-228.

Parker, B. J., & Al-Utaibi, G. A. (1986). Decision support systems: The reality that

seems hard to accept? Omega, 14, 135-143.

Parsaye, K., & Chignell, M. (1988). Expert systems for experts. New York: John Wiley.Payne, J. W., Bettman, J. R., & Johnson, E. J. (1993). The adaptive decision maker.

Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Petty, R. E. (1994). Two routes to persuasion: State of the art. In d' Ydewalle,G., P.

Eelen and P. Bertelson (Eds.), International perspectives on psychological science,Vol. 2: The state of the art (pp. 229-247). Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum.

Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1984). The effects of involvement on responses to

argument quantity and quality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 46,69-81.

Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986a). Communication and persuasion, central and

peripheral routes to attitude change. New York: Springer Verlag.

Petty, R. E., & Cacioppo, J. T. (1986b). The elaboration likelihood model of persuasion.

In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 19 (pp.123-205). New York: Academic Press.

Petty, R. E., Cacioppo, J. T., & Goldman, R. (1981). Personal involvement as a

determinant of argument-based persuasion. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology, 41, 847-855.

Pieters, R. G. M., Verplanken, B., & Modde, J. M. (1987). 'Neiging tot nadenken':

Samenhang met beredeneerd gedrag. Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie,42, 62-70.

Preece, A. D. (1990). DISPLAN: Designing a usable medical expert system. In D. Berry

and A. Hart (Eds.), Expert systems, human issues (pp. 25-47). London: Chapmanand Hall.

Priester, J. R., & Petty, R. E. (1995). Source attributions and persuasion: Perceived

honesty as a determinant of message scrutiny. Personality and Social PsychologyBulletin, 21, 637-6.

Radermacher, F. J. (1994). Decision support systems: Scope and potential. Decision

Support Systems, 12, 257-266.

Raub, A. C. (1981). Correlates of computer anxiety in college students. Unpublished

doctoral dissertation, University of Pennsylvania.

136

References

Robey, D. (1979). User attitude and management information system use. Academy of

Management Journal, 22, 527-538.

Roth, E. M., Bennett, K. B., & Woods, D. D. (1987). Human interaction with an

intelligent machine. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 27, 479-525.Schraml, M. L. (1981). The psychological impact of automation on library and office

workers. Special Libraries, 72, 149-156.

Scott, A. C., Clancey, W. J., Davis, R., & Shortliffe, E. H. (1985). Methods for

generating explanations. In B. G. Buchanan and E. H. Shortliffe (Eds.), Rule-based expert systems (pp. 338-362). Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

Segars, A. H., & Grover, V. (1993). Re-examining perceived ease of use and usefulness:

A confirmatory factor analysis. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 17,517-525.

Shneiderman, B. (1992). Designing the user interface. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.Smith, B. C. (1995). The limits of correctness in computers. In D. G. Johnson and H.

Nissenbaum (Eds.), Computers, ethics & social values (pp. 456-469). EnglewoodCliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.

Srinivasan, A. (1985). Alternative measures of system effectiveness: Associations and

implications. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 9, 243-253.

Stevens, J. (1992). Applied multivariate statistics for the social sciences. Hillsdale, NJ:

Lawrence Erlbaum.

Suh, C., & Suh, E. (1993). Using human factor guidelines for developing expert systems.

Expert Systems, 10, 151-156.

Sutton, S. G., Young, R., & McKenzie, P. (1995). An analysis of potential legal liability

incurred through audit expert systems. International Journal of Intelligent Systemsin Accounting Finance & Management, 4, 191-204.

Szajna, B. (1993). Determining information system usage: Some issues and examples.

Information & Management, 25, 147-1.

Szajna, B. (1994). Software evaluation and choice: Predictive validation of the technology

acceptance instrument. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 18, 319-324.Szajna, B. (1996). Empirical evaluation on the revised technology acceptance model.

Management Science, 42, 85-92.

Taylor, S., & Todd, P. A. (1995). Understanding information technology usage: A test of

competing models. Information Systems Research, 6, 144-176.

Todd, P., & Benbasat, I. (1992). The use of information in decision making: An

experimental investigation of the impact of computer-based decision aids.Management Information Systems Quarterly, 16, 373-393.

Todd, P., & Benbasat, I. (1994a). The influence of decision aids on choice strategies: An

experimental analysis of the role of cognitive effort. Organizational Behavior andHuman Decision Processes, 60, 36-74.

References

137

Todd, P., & Benbasat, I. (1994b). The influence of decision aids on choice strategies

under conditions of high cognitive load. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, andCybernetics, 24, 537-7.

Torkzadeh, G., & Angulo, E. (1992). The concept and correlates of computer anxiety.

Behaviour & Information Technology, 11, 99-108.

Turban, E. (1992). Expert systems and applied artificial intelligence. New York:

Macmillan.

Turban, E. (1993). Decision support and expert systems: Management support systems.

New York: Macmillan.

Turban, E., & Watkins, P. R. (1986). Integrating expert systems and decision support

systems. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 10, 121-136.

Waern, Y. (19). Cognitive aspects of computer supported tasks. Chichester, UK: John

Wiley.

Waern, Y., & Ramberg, R. (1996). People's perception of human and computer advice.

Computers in Human Behavior, 12, 17-27.

Waldrop, M. M. (1987). Man-made minds: The promise of artificial intelligence. New

York: Walker and Company.

Watson, H. J., & Hill, M. M. (1983). Decision support systems or what didn't happen

with MIS. Interfaces, 13, 81-88.

Webster, E. J., & Martocchio, J. J. (1992). Microcomputer playfulness: Development of

a measure with workplace implications. Management Information SystemsQuarterly, 16, 201-226.

Weizenbaum, J. (1985). Computer power and human reason. Middlesex, UK: Penguin

Books.

Will, R. P. (1992). Individual differences in the performance and use of an expert

system. International Journal of Man-Machine Studies, 37, 173-190.Wognum, P. M. (1990). Explanation of automated reasoning: How and why?

Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Twente, Enschede, TheNetherlands.

Wong, B. K., & Monaco, J. A. (1995). Expert system applications in business: A review

and analysis of the literature (1977-1993). Information & Management, 29, 141-152.

Worchel, S., Cooper, J., & Goethals, G. R. (1988). Understanding social psychology.

Chicago: the Dorsey Press.

Ye, L. R., & Johnson, P. E. (1995). The impact of explanation facilities on user

acceptance of expert systems advice. Management Information Systems Quarterly,19, 157-172.